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Greening of the brown-dwarf desert. EPIC 212036875b: a 51 MJ object in a 5-day orbit around an F7 V star

Persson, Carina M. ; Csizmadia, Szilárd ; Mustill, Alexander J. LU orcid ; Fridlund, Malcolm ; Hatzes, Artie P. ; Nowak, Grzegorz ; Georgieva, Iskra ; Gandolfi, Davide ; Davies, Melvyn B. LU and Livingston, John H. , et al. (2019) In Astronomy & Astrophysics 628. p.64-64
Abstract
Context. Although more than 2000 brown dwarfs have been detected to date, mainly from direct imaging, their characterisation is difficult due to their faintness and model-dependent results. In the case of transiting brown dwarfs, however, it is possible to make direct high-precision observations.
Aims: Our aim is to investigate the nature and formation of brown dwarfs by adding a new well-characterised object, in terms of its mass, radius and bulk density, to the currently small sample of less than 20 transiting brown dwarfs.
Methods: One brown dwarf candidate was found by the KESPRINT consortium when searching for exoplanets in the K2 space mission Campaign 16 field. We combined the K2 photometric data with a series of multicolour... (More)
Context. Although more than 2000 brown dwarfs have been detected to date, mainly from direct imaging, their characterisation is difficult due to their faintness and model-dependent results. In the case of transiting brown dwarfs, however, it is possible to make direct high-precision observations.
Aims: Our aim is to investigate the nature and formation of brown dwarfs by adding a new well-characterised object, in terms of its mass, radius and bulk density, to the currently small sample of less than 20 transiting brown dwarfs.
Methods: One brown dwarf candidate was found by the KESPRINT consortium when searching for exoplanets in the K2 space mission Campaign 16 field. We combined the K2 photometric data with a series of multicolour photometric observations, imaging, and radial velocity measurements to rule out false positive scenarios and to determine the fundamental properties of the system.
Results: We report the discovery and characterisation of a transiting brown dwarf in a 5.17-day eccentric orbit around the slightly evolved F7 V star EPIC 212036875. We find a stellar mass of 1.15 ± 0.08 M☉, a stellar radius of 1.41 ± 0.05 R☉, and an age of 5.1 ± 0.9 Gyr. The mass and radius of the companion brown dwarf are 51 ± 2 MJ and 0.83 ± 0.03 RJ, respectively, corresponding to a mean density of 108+15-13 g cm-3.
Conclusions: EPIC 212036875 b is a rare object that resides in the brown-dwarf desert. In the mass-density diagram for planets, brown dwarfs, and stars, we find that all giant planets and brown dwarfs follow the same trend from 0.3 MJ to the turn-over to hydrogen burning stars at 73 MJ. EPIC 212036875 b falls close to the theoretical model for mature H/He dominated objects in this diagram as determined by interior structure models. We argue that EPIC 212036875 b formed via gravitational disc instabilities in the outer part of the disc, followed by a quick migration. Orbital tidal circularisation may have started early in its history for a brief period when the brown dwarf's radius was larger. The lack of spin-orbit synchronisation points to a weak stellar dissipation parameter (Q*' ≳ 108), which implies a circularisation timescale of ≳23 Gyr, or suggests an interaction between the magnetic and tidal forces of the star and the brown dwarf. Table 2 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/628/A64This work is done under the framework of the KESPRINT collaboration (http://kesprint.science). KESPRINT is an international consortium devoted to the characterisation and research of exoplanets discovered with space-based missions. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
planetary systems, stars: fundamental parameters, stars: individual: EPIC 212036875, techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
in
Astronomy & Astrophysics
volume
628
pages
64 - 64
publisher
EDP Sciences
external identifiers
  • scopus:85084621839
ISSN
1432-0746
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201935505
project
IMPACT: Comets, asteroids and the habitability of planets
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
b180c7b0-c45c-4c33-bb07-72b475cd7482
alternative location
https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05048
date added to LUP
2019-08-15 14:38:00
date last changed
2024-03-19 18:49:26
@article{b180c7b0-c45c-4c33-bb07-72b475cd7482,
  abstract     = {{Context. Although more than 2000 brown dwarfs have been detected to date, mainly from direct imaging, their characterisation is difficult due to their faintness and model-dependent results. In the case of transiting brown dwarfs, however, it is possible to make direct high-precision observations.<br/>Aims: Our aim is to investigate the nature and formation of brown dwarfs by adding a new well-characterised object, in terms of its mass, radius and bulk density, to the currently small sample of less than 20 transiting brown dwarfs.<br/>Methods: One brown dwarf candidate was found by the KESPRINT consortium when searching for exoplanets in the K2 space mission Campaign 16 field. We combined the K2 photometric data with a series of multicolour photometric observations, imaging, and radial velocity measurements to rule out false positive scenarios and to determine the fundamental properties of the system.<br/>Results: We report the discovery and characterisation of a transiting brown dwarf in a 5.17-day eccentric orbit around the slightly evolved F7 V star EPIC 212036875. We find a stellar mass of 1.15 ± 0.08 M<sub>☉</sub>, a stellar radius of 1.41 ± 0.05 R<sub>☉</sub>, and an age of 5.1 ± 0.9 Gyr. The mass and radius of the companion brown dwarf are 51 ± 2 MJ and 0.83 ± 0.03 R<sub>J</sub>, respectively, corresponding to a mean density of 108+15-13 g cm<sup>-3</sup>.<br/>Conclusions: EPIC 212036875 b is a rare object that resides in the brown-dwarf desert. In the mass-density diagram for planets, brown dwarfs, and stars, we find that all giant planets and brown dwarfs follow the same trend from 0.3 M<sub>J</sub> to the turn-over to hydrogen burning stars at 73 M<sub>J</sub>. EPIC 212036875 b falls close to the theoretical model for mature H/He dominated objects in this diagram as determined by interior structure models. We argue that EPIC 212036875 b formed via gravitational disc instabilities in the outer part of the disc, followed by a quick migration. Orbital tidal circularisation may have started early in its history for a brief period when the brown dwarf's radius was larger. The lack of spin-orbit synchronisation points to a weak stellar dissipation parameter (Q<sub>*</sub><sup>'</sup> ≳ 108), which implies a circularisation timescale of ≳23 Gyr, or suggests an interaction between the magnetic and tidal forces of the star and the brown dwarf. Table 2 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/628/A64This work is done under the framework of the KESPRINT collaboration (http://kesprint.science). KESPRINT is an international consortium devoted to the characterisation and research of exoplanets discovered with space-based missions.}},
  author       = {{Persson, Carina M. and Csizmadia, Szilárd and Mustill, Alexander J. and Fridlund, Malcolm and Hatzes, Artie P. and Nowak, Grzegorz and Georgieva, Iskra and Gandolfi, Davide and Davies, Melvyn B. and Livingston, John H. and Palle, Enric and Montañes Rodriguez, Pilar and Endl, Michael and Hirano, Teruyuki and Prieto-Arranz, Jorge and Korth, Judith and Grziwa, Sascha and Esposito, Massimiliano and Albrecht, Simon and Johnson, Marshall C. and Barragán, Oscar and Parviainen, Hannu and Van Eylen, Vincent and Alonso Sobrino, Roi and Beck, Paul G. and Cabrera, Juan and Carleo, Ilaria and Cochran, William D. and Dai, Fei and Deeg, Hans J. and de Leon, Jerome P. and Eigmüller, Philipp and Erikson, Anders and Fukui, Akai and González-Cuesta, Lucia and Guenther, Eike W. and Hidalgo, Diego and Hjorth, Maria and Kabath, Petr and Knudstrup, Emil and Kusakabe, Nobuhiko and Lam, Kristine W.~F. and Lund, Mikkel N. and Luque, Rafael and Mathur, Savita and Murgas, Felipe and Narita, Norio and Nespral, David and Niraula, Prajwal and Olofsson, A.~O. Henrik and Pätzold, Martin and Rauer, Heike and Redfield, Seth and Ribas, Ignasi and Skarka, Marek and Smith, Alexis M.~S. and Subjak, Jan and Tamura, Motohide}},
  issn         = {{1432-0746}},
  keywords     = {{planetary systems; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual: EPIC 212036875; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{08}},
  pages        = {{64--64}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  series       = {{Astronomy & Astrophysics}},
  title        = {{Greening of the brown-dwarf desert. EPIC 212036875b: a 51 MJ object in a 5-day orbit around an F7 V star}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935505}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/0004-6361/201935505}},
  volume       = {{628}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}