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Willingness to Pay (WTP) for COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose and Its Determinants in Indonesia

Harapan, Harapan ; Sallam, Malik LU ; Fathima, Raisha ; Kusuma, Hendrix Indra ; Anwar, Samsul ; Nalapraya, Widhy Yudistira ; Wibowo, Adityo ; Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi ; Medina, Ayunda and Defrita, Anna Hanifa , et al. (2022) In Infectious Disease Reports 14(6). p.1017-1032
Abstract

Willingness to pay (WTP) for booster doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is an under studied research topic. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the WTP for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in Indonesia using an online survey distributed all over the provinces of this low-middle-income country. The WTP was evaluated using a basic dichotomous contingent valuation approach, and its associated determinants were evaluated using a linear regression model. Out of 2935 responders, 66.2% (1942/2935) were willing to pay for a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of respondents (63.5%) were willing to pay within a price range of 100,000–500,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR), i.e.,... (More)

Willingness to pay (WTP) for booster doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is an under studied research topic. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the WTP for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in Indonesia using an online survey distributed all over the provinces of this low-middle-income country. The WTP was evaluated using a basic dichotomous contingent valuation approach, and its associated determinants were evaluated using a linear regression model. Out of 2935 responders, 66.2% (1942/2935) were willing to pay for a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of respondents (63.5%) were willing to pay within a price range of 100,000–500,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR), i.e., USD 6.71–33.57. Being older than 40 years, having a higher educational level, having a higher income, knowing and understanding that booster doses were important, and having a vaccine status that is certified halal (permissible in Islamic law), were all associated with a higher WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The study findings imply that the WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia is lower compared to acceptance of vaccines provided free of charge. This WTP data can be utilized to develop a pricing scheme for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination in the country with potential benefits in other low-income countries. The government may be required to provide subsidies for the herd immunity vaccination process to proceed as anticipated. Furthermore, the public community must be educated on the importance of vaccination as well as the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic is far from being over.

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@article{c36832a7-f0f6-47c7-b4ea-bbc58ed591cb,
  abstract     = {{<p>Willingness to pay (WTP) for booster doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is an under studied research topic. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the WTP for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in Indonesia using an online survey distributed all over the provinces of this low-middle-income country. The WTP was evaluated using a basic dichotomous contingent valuation approach, and its associated determinants were evaluated using a linear regression model. Out of 2935 responders, 66.2% (1942/2935) were willing to pay for a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of respondents (63.5%) were willing to pay within a price range of 100,000–500,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR), i.e., USD 6.71–33.57. Being older than 40 years, having a higher educational level, having a higher income, knowing and understanding that booster doses were important, and having a vaccine status that is certified halal (permissible in Islamic law), were all associated with a higher WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The study findings imply that the WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia is lower compared to acceptance of vaccines provided free of charge. This WTP data can be utilized to develop a pricing scheme for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination in the country with potential benefits in other low-income countries. The government may be required to provide subsidies for the herd immunity vaccination process to proceed as anticipated. Furthermore, the public community must be educated on the importance of vaccination as well as the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic is far from being over.</p>}},
  author       = {{Harapan, Harapan and Sallam, Malik and Fathima, Raisha and Kusuma, Hendrix Indra and Anwar, Samsul and Nalapraya, Widhy Yudistira and Wibowo, Adityo and Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi and Medina, Ayunda and Defrita, Anna Hanifa and Astri, Yesi and Prasetyowati, Arie and Nurfarahin, Nurfarahin and Khusna, Afriyani and Oktariana, Setya and Anwar, Sarifuddin and Yussar, Milza Oka and Khotimah, Siti and Maria Nainggolan, Bahagia Willibrordus and Amalia Badri, Putri Rizki and Argarini, Raden and Winardi, Wira and Sharun, Khan and Indah, Rosaria and Rajamoorthy, Yogambigai and Wagner, Abram L. and Mudatsir, Mudatsir}},
  issn         = {{2036-7449}},
  keywords     = {{booster dose; COVID-19; Indonesia; vaccination; vaccine; willingness-to-pay}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{1017--1032}},
  publisher    = {{Page Press}},
  series       = {{Infectious Disease Reports}},
  title        = {{Willingness to Pay (WTP) for COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose and Its Determinants in Indonesia}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr14060101}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/idr14060101}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}