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Ideas with Histories : Traditional Knowledge Evolves

Walsh, Matthew J. ; O'Neill, Sean ; Prentiss, Anna Marie ; Willerslev, Rane ; Riede, Felix and Jordan, Peter D. LU orcid (2023) In Arctic 76(1). p.26-47
Abstract
Anthropologists have long been fascinated by the strikingly similar adaptations of circumpolar cultures as well as their puzzling differences. These patterns of diversity have been mapped, studied, and interpreted from many perspectives and often at different social and spatiotemporal scales. While this work has generated vast archives of legacy data, it has also left behind a fragmented understanding of what underpins Arctic cultural diversity and change. We argue that it is time to engage with questions that highlight the roles of socio-environmental learning and cumulative cultural inheritance in shaping human adaptations to Arctic environs. We situate this in light of longue durée adaptations to environmental change. We examine five... (More)
Anthropologists have long been fascinated by the strikingly similar adaptations of circumpolar cultures as well as their puzzling differences. These patterns of diversity have been mapped, studied, and interpreted from many perspectives and often at different social and spatiotemporal scales. While this work has generated vast archives of legacy data, it has also left behind a fragmented understanding of what underpins Arctic cultural diversity and change. We argue that it is time to engage with questions that highlight the roles of socio-environmental learning and cumulative cultural inheritance in shaping human adaptations to Arctic environs. We situate this in light of longue durée adaptations to environmental change. We examine five case studies that have used this framework to explore the genealogy of northern cultural traditions and show how social learning, cultural inheritance, and transmission processes are germane to understanding the generation and change in varied information systems (i.e., traditional knowledge). Specifically, a cultural evolutionary framework enables long-lens insights into human decision-making trajectories, with continued and prescient impacts in the rapidly changing Arctic. It is critical to improve understandings of traditional knowledge not as static cultural phenomena, but as dynamic lineages of information: ideas with histories. Improving knowledge of the dynamic and evolving character of inherited traditional knowledge in circumpolar human-environment interactions must be a research priority given the pressures of accelerating climate change on Indigenous communities and the social-ecological systems in which they exist in order to help buffer cultural systems against future adaptive challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Abstract in French

Depuis longtemps, les anthropologues sont fascinés par les adaptations similaires et les différences intrigantes des cultures circumpolaires. Ces tendances ont été cartographiées, étudiées et interprétées sous différents angles, souvent à des niveaux sociaux ou spatiotemporels différents. Même si ces études ont produit d’importantes quantités de données, celles-ci ne couvrent pas la totalité de la diversité culturelle de l’Arctique ainsi que les changements culturels qui s’y exercent. Nous soutenons que le moment est venu de considérer le rôle joué par l’apprentissage socioenvironnemental et l’héritage culturel cumulatif dans les adaptations humaines à l’environnement... (More)
Abstract in French

Depuis longtemps, les anthropologues sont fascinés par les adaptations similaires et les différences intrigantes des cultures circumpolaires. Ces tendances ont été cartographiées, étudiées et interprétées sous différents angles, souvent à des niveaux sociaux ou spatiotemporels différents. Même si ces études ont produit d’importantes quantités de données, celles-ci ne couvrent pas la totalité de la diversité culturelle de l’Arctique ainsi que les changements culturels qui s’y exercent. Nous soutenons que le moment est venu de considérer le rôle joué par l’apprentissage socioenvironnemental et l’héritage culturel cumulatif dans les adaptations humaines à l’environnement arctique. Pour ce faire, nous situons notre recherche dans l’adaptation aux changements environnementaux de longue durée. Ici, nous présentons cinq études de cas qui utilisent cette même porte d’entrée, soit des études sur la transmission culturelle, en examinant la généalogie des traditions du Nord et en montrant que l’apprentissage social, l’héritage culturel et les processus de transmission sont liés à la compréhension de la création et du changement de systèmes d’information variés (c’est-à-dire les connaissances traditionnelles). En particulier, une étude de transmission culturelle nous amène à la formation de perceptions clés de longue durée au sujet du processus humain de prise de décisions, en tenant compte des impacts continus et actuels dans l’environnement arctique en pleine évolution. Il est essentiel d’améliorer notre compréhension des connaissances traditionnelles, non pas en tant que phénomènes culturels statiques, mais en tant que lignages d’information: des idées qui ont des histoires. L’amélioration de la compréhension de la dynamique et du caractère changeant des connaissances traditionnelles doit figurer parmi nos priorités de recherche, surtout lorsqu’elles concernent des interactions anthropo-environnementales dans des régions comme l’Arctique où les changements environnementaux rapides et leurs effets sur les communautés autochtones ainsi que les systèmes socioécologiques dans (Less)
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author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Arctic, circumpolar cultural diversity, traditional knowledge, social learning, cultural inheritance, cultural evolution, ssocial-ecological systems, climate change
in
Arctic
volume
76
issue
1
pages
22 pages
publisher
The Arctic Institute of North America
external identifiers
  • scopus:85151035887
ISSN
0004-0843
DOI
10.14430/arctic76991
project
Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
c8c6f0f0-0836-4dbf-bb23-a1e0894312d3
date added to LUP
2022-08-09 14:09:10
date last changed
2023-08-29 16:49:59
@article{c8c6f0f0-0836-4dbf-bb23-a1e0894312d3,
  abstract     = {{Anthropologists have long been fascinated by the strikingly similar adaptations of circumpolar cultures as well as their puzzling differences. These patterns of diversity have been mapped, studied, and interpreted from many perspectives and often at different social and spatiotemporal scales. While this work has generated vast archives of legacy data, it has also left behind a fragmented understanding of what underpins Arctic cultural diversity and change. We argue that it is time to engage with questions that highlight the roles of socio-environmental learning and cumulative cultural inheritance in shaping human adaptations to Arctic environs. We situate this in light of longue durée adaptations to environmental change. We examine five case studies that have used this framework to explore the genealogy of northern cultural traditions and show how social learning, cultural inheritance, and transmission processes are germane to understanding the generation and change in varied information systems (i.e., traditional knowledge). Specifically, a cultural evolutionary framework enables long-lens insights into human decision-making trajectories, with continued and prescient impacts in the rapidly changing Arctic. It is critical to improve understandings of traditional knowledge not as static cultural phenomena, but as dynamic lineages of information: ideas with histories. Improving knowledge of the dynamic and evolving character of inherited traditional knowledge in circumpolar human-environment interactions must be a research priority given the pressures of accelerating climate change on Indigenous communities and the social-ecological systems in which they exist in order to help buffer cultural systems against future adaptive challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic.}},
  author       = {{Walsh, Matthew J. and O'Neill, Sean and Prentiss, Anna Marie and Willerslev, Rane and Riede, Felix and Jordan, Peter D.}},
  issn         = {{0004-0843}},
  keywords     = {{Arctic; circumpolar cultural diversity; traditional knowledge; social learning; cultural inheritance; cultural evolution; ssocial-ecological systems; climate change}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{26--47}},
  publisher    = {{The Arctic Institute of North America}},
  series       = {{Arctic}},
  title        = {{Ideas with Histories : Traditional Knowledge Evolves}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic76991}},
  doi          = {{10.14430/arctic76991}},
  volume       = {{76}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}