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Common practice elements of cognitive behavioral therapy for gaming disorder : A systematic review and expert panel evaluation

Radunz, Marcela ; Stevens, Matthew W R ; Behm, Sanni ; Hameed, Muddsar ; Bowden-Jones, Henrietta ; Delfabbro, Paul ; Demetrovics, Zsolt ; Higuchi, Susumu ; Potenza, Marc N and Wölfling, Klaus , et al. (2026) In Clinical psychology review 126. p.1-15
Abstract

Gaming disorder (GD) is an addictive disorder with health and social impacts recognized by the World Health Organization. Although the GD treatment evidence base appear to favor cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), knowledge of its common practice elements is limited. This systematic review critically evaluates CBT interventions for GD, encompassing individual, group, and mixed approaches, to identify and synthesize common practice elements. Employing a systematic review protocol following PRISMA guidelines and guided by an international expert panel, this review identified CBT studies and then critically reviewed their associated treatment manuals, guidelines, handouts, and related resources. A database search yielding 8479 results... (More)

Gaming disorder (GD) is an addictive disorder with health and social impacts recognized by the World Health Organization. Although the GD treatment evidence base appear to favor cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), knowledge of its common practice elements is limited. This systematic review critically evaluates CBT interventions for GD, encompassing individual, group, and mixed approaches, to identify and synthesize common practice elements. Employing a systematic review protocol following PRISMA guidelines and guided by an international expert panel, this review identified CBT studies and then critically reviewed their associated treatment manuals, guidelines, handouts, and related resources. A database search yielding 8479 results identified 28 studies from 12 countries reporting on 22 CBT interventions (n = 7 individual; n = 7 group; n = 8 mixed). Study authors were invited to share intervention materials, which were then independently coded and synthesized. Overall, 14 common practice elements were identified. The most frequent element was emotion regulation skills training (n = 21; 95.5%), followed by psychoeducation (n = 20; 90.9%) and cognitive restructuring (n = 19; 86.4%). Exposure techniques, and strength identification and self-compassion were the least frequent (n = 6; 27.3%). All individual CBT interventions used behavioral activation, psychoeducation, and relapse prevention, whereas emotion regulation skills training was the most frequently used element in group CBT. These findings reveal commonly reported CBT practice elements in the GD evidence base and provide expert summaries of established and less utilized therapeutic techniques. Improving the field's shared understanding of CBT is foundational to advancing GD clinical research and a model of best practice.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods, Internet Addiction Disorder/therapy
in
Clinical psychology review
volume
126
article number
102740
pages
1 - 15
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:105035656324
  • pmid:41990707
ISSN
0272-7358
DOI
10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102740
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
id
cdf0861e-3d9f-4dc1-a160-baad7387df27
date added to LUP
2026-05-21 14:05:24
date last changed
2026-09-12 19:00:52
@article{cdf0861e-3d9f-4dc1-a160-baad7387df27,
  abstract     = {{<p>Gaming disorder (GD) is an addictive disorder with health and social impacts recognized by the World Health Organization. Although the GD treatment evidence base appear to favor cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), knowledge of its common practice elements is limited. This systematic review critically evaluates CBT interventions for GD, encompassing individual, group, and mixed approaches, to identify and synthesize common practice elements. Employing a systematic review protocol following PRISMA guidelines and guided by an international expert panel, this review identified CBT studies and then critically reviewed their associated treatment manuals, guidelines, handouts, and related resources. A database search yielding 8479 results identified 28 studies from 12 countries reporting on 22 CBT interventions (n = 7 individual; n = 7 group; n = 8 mixed). Study authors were invited to share intervention materials, which were then independently coded and synthesized. Overall, 14 common practice elements were identified. The most frequent element was emotion regulation skills training (n = 21; 95.5%), followed by psychoeducation (n = 20; 90.9%) and cognitive restructuring (n = 19; 86.4%). Exposure techniques, and strength identification and self-compassion were the least frequent (n = 6; 27.3%). All individual CBT interventions used behavioral activation, psychoeducation, and relapse prevention, whereas emotion regulation skills training was the most frequently used element in group CBT. These findings reveal commonly reported CBT practice elements in the GD evidence base and provide expert summaries of established and less utilized therapeutic techniques. Improving the field's shared understanding of CBT is foundational to advancing GD clinical research and a model of best practice.</p>}},
  author       = {{Radunz, Marcela and Stevens, Matthew W R and Behm, Sanni and Hameed, Muddsar and Bowden-Jones, Henrietta and Delfabbro, Paul and Demetrovics, Zsolt and Higuchi, Susumu and Potenza, Marc N and Wölfling, Klaus and Brandhorst, Isabel and Bore, Per and Claesdotter-Knutsson, Emma and González-Bueso, Vega and Herpertz, Stephan and Dieris-Hirche, Jan and Hofstedt, Annika and Gordh, Anna Söderpalm and Jiménez-Murcia, Susana and Nielsen, Philip and Pallesen, Ståle and Paschke, Kerstin and Ratta-Apha, Woraphat and Rigter, Henk and Santamaria, Juan José and Sugara, Gian Sugiana and King, Daniel L}},
  issn         = {{0272-7358}},
  keywords     = {{Humans; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods; Internet Addiction Disorder/therapy}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--15}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Clinical psychology review}},
  title        = {{Common practice elements of cognitive behavioral therapy for gaming disorder : A systematic review and expert panel evaluation}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102740}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102740}},
  volume       = {{126}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}