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Influence of 3d Transition Metal Impurities on Garnet Scintillator Afterglow

Khanin, Vasilii M. ; Venevtsev, Ivan ; Chernenko, Kirill LU ; Tukhvatulina, Tansu ; Rodnyi, Piotr A. ; Spoor, Sandra ; Boerekamp, Jack ; Van Dongen, Anne Marie ; Buettner, Daniela and Wieczorek, Herfried , et al. (2020) In Crystal Growth and Design 20(5). p.3007-3017
Abstract

Garnet scintillators often suffer from undesired afterglow, the origin of which is not always well-understood. A possible origin is contamination with transition metal (TM) ions. These impurities can act as traps giving rise to afterglow. Alternatively, they may show long-lived (microsecond) d-d emission. Here we present a systematic study on the role of 3d TM impurities in (Lu,Gd)3(GaAl)5O12 garnet scintillators. Scintillator disks intentionally doped with ppm levels of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn were studied to identify TM-related traps in thermoluminescence (TSL) glow curves and their role in afterglow. For Ti, V, and Cr additional TSL peaks were observed that gave rise to RT afterglow in... (More)

Garnet scintillators often suffer from undesired afterglow, the origin of which is not always well-understood. A possible origin is contamination with transition metal (TM) ions. These impurities can act as traps giving rise to afterglow. Alternatively, they may show long-lived (microsecond) d-d emission. Here we present a systematic study on the role of 3d TM impurities in (Lu,Gd)3(GaAl)5O12 garnet scintillators. Scintillator disks intentionally doped with ppm levels of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn were studied to identify TM-related traps in thermoluminescence (TSL) glow curves and their role in afterglow. For Ti, V, and Cr additional TSL peaks were observed that gave rise to RT afterglow in the 10-2-103 s time range, depending on garnet composition. On the millisecond time scale long-lived red/near-infrared emission was observed from Mn and Fe impurities, explained by spin-forbidden d-d emission. We show that afterglow can be reduced by the use of ultrapure raw materials. Other solutions include bandgap engineering for the garnet host to modify trap depths and applying optical filters to block the spin-forbidden d-d emission. The present study provides an insightful overview of the role of 3d TM impurities on afterglow in Ce-doped scintillators and procedures to predict and reduce afterglow. These insights will aid the development of Ce-doped garnets with superior afterglow behavior.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Crystal Growth and Design
volume
20
issue
5
pages
11 pages
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85084743417
ISSN
1528-7483
DOI
10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01660
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
d2b48c41-f538-41a1-9828-2d4d69695764
date added to LUP
2020-06-09 10:55:16
date last changed
2022-04-18 22:38:29
@article{d2b48c41-f538-41a1-9828-2d4d69695764,
  abstract     = {{<p>Garnet scintillators often suffer from undesired afterglow, the origin of which is not always well-understood. A possible origin is contamination with transition metal (TM) ions. These impurities can act as traps giving rise to afterglow. Alternatively, they may show long-lived (microsecond) d-d emission. Here we present a systematic study on the role of 3d TM impurities in (Lu,Gd)<sub>3</sub>(GaAl)<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> garnet scintillators. Scintillator disks intentionally doped with ppm levels of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn were studied to identify TM-related traps in thermoluminescence (TSL) glow curves and their role in afterglow. For Ti, V, and Cr additional TSL peaks were observed that gave rise to RT afterglow in the 10<sup>-2</sup>-10<sup>3</sup> s time range, depending on garnet composition. On the millisecond time scale long-lived red/near-infrared emission was observed from Mn and Fe impurities, explained by spin-forbidden d-d emission. We show that afterglow can be reduced by the use of ultrapure raw materials. Other solutions include bandgap engineering for the garnet host to modify trap depths and applying optical filters to block the spin-forbidden d-d emission. The present study provides an insightful overview of the role of 3d TM impurities on afterglow in Ce-doped scintillators and procedures to predict and reduce afterglow. These insights will aid the development of Ce-doped garnets with superior afterglow behavior.</p>}},
  author       = {{Khanin, Vasilii M. and Venevtsev, Ivan and Chernenko, Kirill and Tukhvatulina, Tansu and Rodnyi, Piotr A. and Spoor, Sandra and Boerekamp, Jack and Van Dongen, Anne Marie and Buettner, Daniela and Wieczorek, Herfried and Ronda, Cees R. and Senden, Tim and Meijerink, Andries}},
  issn         = {{1528-7483}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{05}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{3007--3017}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{Crystal Growth and Design}},
  title        = {{Influence of 3d Transition Metal Impurities on Garnet Scintillator Afterglow}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01660}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01660}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}