The evolution of the flux-size relationship in protoplanetary discs by viscous evolution and radial pebble drift
(2025) In Astronomy and Astrophysics 694.- Abstract
In this paper we study the evolution of radiative fluxes, flux radii and observable dust masses in protoplanetary discs, in order to understand how these depend on the angular momentum budget and on the assumed heat sources. We use a model that includes the formation and viscous evolution of protoplanetary gas discs, together with the growth and radial drift of the dust component. We find that we are best able to match the observed fluxes and radii of class 0/I discs when we assume (i) an initial total angular momentum budget corresponding to a centrifugal radius of 40 au around solar-like stars, and (ii) inefficient viscous heating. Fluxes and radii of class II discs appear consistent with disc models with angular momentum budgets... (More)
In this paper we study the evolution of radiative fluxes, flux radii and observable dust masses in protoplanetary discs, in order to understand how these depend on the angular momentum budget and on the assumed heat sources. We use a model that includes the formation and viscous evolution of protoplanetary gas discs, together with the growth and radial drift of the dust component. We find that we are best able to match the observed fluxes and radii of class 0/I discs when we assume (i) an initial total angular momentum budget corresponding to a centrifugal radius of 40 au around solar-like stars, and (ii) inefficient viscous heating. Fluxes and radii of class II discs appear consistent with disc models with angular momentum budgets equivalent to centrifugal radii of both 40 or 10 au for solar-like stars, and with models where viscous heating occurs at either full efficiency or at reduced efficiency. During the first ∼0.5 Myr of their evolution discs are generally optically thick at λ = 1.3 mm. However, after this discs are optically thin at mm-wavelengths, supporting standard means of dust mass estimates. Using a disc population synthesis model, we then show that the evolution of the cumulative evolution of the observable dust masses agrees well with that observed in young star forming clusters of different ages.
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- author
- Appelgren, J. LU ; Johansen, A. LU ; Lambrechts, M. LU ; Jørgensen, J. ; Van Der Marel, N. ; Ohashi, N. and Tobin, J.
- organization
- publishing date
- 2025-02-01
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Methods: numerical, Planets and satellites: formation, Protoplanetary disks
- in
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- volume
- 694
- article number
- A311
- publisher
- EDP Sciences
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85218630695
- ISSN
- 0004-6361
- DOI
- 10.1051/0004-6361/202450923
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- Publisher Copyright: © The Authors 2025.
- id
- e7e1b286-3e33-4a41-b207-e02da16c1303
- date added to LUP
- 2025-05-12 11:49:43
- date last changed
- 2025-05-13 11:24:21
@article{e7e1b286-3e33-4a41-b207-e02da16c1303,
abstract = {{<p>In this paper we study the evolution of radiative fluxes, flux radii and observable dust masses in protoplanetary discs, in order to understand how these depend on the angular momentum budget and on the assumed heat sources. We use a model that includes the formation and viscous evolution of protoplanetary gas discs, together with the growth and radial drift of the dust component. We find that we are best able to match the observed fluxes and radii of class 0/I discs when we assume (i) an initial total angular momentum budget corresponding to a centrifugal radius of 40 au around solar-like stars, and (ii) inefficient viscous heating. Fluxes and radii of class II discs appear consistent with disc models with angular momentum budgets equivalent to centrifugal radii of both 40 or 10 au for solar-like stars, and with models where viscous heating occurs at either full efficiency or at reduced efficiency. During the first ∼0.5 Myr of their evolution discs are generally optically thick at λ = 1.3 mm. However, after this discs are optically thin at mm-wavelengths, supporting standard means of dust mass estimates. Using a disc population synthesis model, we then show that the evolution of the cumulative evolution of the observable dust masses agrees well with that observed in young star forming clusters of different ages.</p>}},
author = {{Appelgren, J. and Johansen, A. and Lambrechts, M. and Jørgensen, J. and Van Der Marel, N. and Ohashi, N. and Tobin, J.}},
issn = {{0004-6361}},
keywords = {{Methods: numerical; Planets and satellites: formation; Protoplanetary disks}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{02}},
publisher = {{EDP Sciences}},
series = {{Astronomy and Astrophysics}},
title = {{The evolution of the flux-size relationship in protoplanetary discs by viscous evolution and radial pebble drift}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450923}},
doi = {{10.1051/0004-6361/202450923}},
volume = {{694}},
year = {{2025}},
}