Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region
(2022) In Earth System Dynamics 13(1). p.1-80- Abstract
Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species,... (More)
Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.
(Less)
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2022-01-03
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Earth System Dynamics
- volume
- 13
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 80 pages
- publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85122611011
- ISSN
- 2190-4979
- DOI
- 10.5194/esd-13-1-2022
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
- id
- f2161560-77ac-4a5d-bdd6-a58dc8e14e05
- date added to LUP
- 2022-02-11 15:56:09
- date last changed
- 2022-04-21 17:11:35
@article{f2161560-77ac-4a5d-bdd6-a58dc8e14e05,
abstract = {{<p>Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.</p>}},
author = {{Reckermann, Marcus and Omstedt, Anders and Soomere, Tarmo and Aigars, Juris and Akhtar, Naveed and Bełdowska, Magdalena and Bełdowski, Jacek and Cronin, Tom and Czub, Michał and Eero, Margit and Hyytiäinen, Kari Petri and Jalkanen, Jukka Pekka and Kiessling, Anders and Kjellström, Erik and Kuliński, Karol and Larsén, Xiaoli Guo and McCrackin, Michelle and Meier, H. E.Markus and Oberbeckmann, Sonja and Parnell, Kevin and Pons-Seres De Brauwer, Cristian and Poska, Anneli and Saarinen, Jarkko and Szymczycha, Beata and Undeman, Emma and Wörman, Anders and Zorita, Eduardo}},
issn = {{2190-4979}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{01}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{1--80}},
publisher = {{Copernicus GmbH}},
series = {{Earth System Dynamics}},
title = {{Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1-2022}},
doi = {{10.5194/esd-13-1-2022}},
volume = {{13}},
year = {{2022}},
}