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Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells

Cediel-Ulloa, Andrea ; Isaxon, Christina LU ; Eriksson, Axel LU orcid ; Primetzhofer, Daniel ; Sortica, Mauricio A. ; Haag, Lars ; Derr, Remco ; Hendriks, Giel ; Löndahl, Jakob LU orcid and Gudmundsson, Anders LU , et al. (2021) In Scientific Reports 11(1).
Abstract

Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAEC) and ToxTracker reporter murine stem cells, which track activation of six cancer-related pathways. Metal content (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr) of the particles was relatively homogenous across particle size. The particles were not cytotoxic in reporter stem cells but stainless steel particles activated the Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress pathway. In hSAEC, both particle types induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and stainless steel particles... (More)

Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAEC) and ToxTracker reporter murine stem cells, which track activation of six cancer-related pathways. Metal content (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr) of the particles was relatively homogenous across particle size. The particles were not cytotoxic in reporter stem cells but stainless steel particles activated the Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress pathway. In hSAEC, both particle types induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and stainless steel particles also increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The cellular metal content was higher for hSAEC compared to the reporter stem cells exposed to the same nominal dose. This was, in part, related to differences in particle agglomeration/sedimentation in the different cell media. Overall, our study showed differences in cytotoxicity and activation of cancer-related pathways between stainless and mild steel welding particles. Moreover, our data emphasizes the need for careful assessment of the cellular dose when comparing studies using different in vitro models.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Scientific Reports
volume
11
issue
1
article number
21846
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:85118612210
  • pmid:34750422
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/s41598-021-01177-7
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).
id
00dc749d-6edf-4279-a24e-2b87fe7289ab
date added to LUP
2021-11-24 15:22:54
date last changed
2024-06-15 21:36:14
@article{00dc749d-6edf-4279-a24e-2b87fe7289ab,
  abstract     = {{<p>Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAEC) and ToxTracker reporter murine stem cells, which track activation of six cancer-related pathways. Metal content (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr) of the particles was relatively homogenous across particle size. The particles were not cytotoxic in reporter stem cells but stainless steel particles activated the Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress pathway. In hSAEC, both particle types induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and stainless steel particles also increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The cellular metal content was higher for hSAEC compared to the reporter stem cells exposed to the same nominal dose. This was, in part, related to differences in particle agglomeration/sedimentation in the different cell media. Overall, our study showed differences in cytotoxicity and activation of cancer-related pathways between stainless and mild steel welding particles. Moreover, our data emphasizes the need for careful assessment of the cellular dose when comparing studies using different in vitro models.</p>}},
  author       = {{Cediel-Ulloa, Andrea and Isaxon, Christina and Eriksson, Axel and Primetzhofer, Daniel and Sortica, Mauricio A. and Haag, Lars and Derr, Remco and Hendriks, Giel and Löndahl, Jakob and Gudmundsson, Anders and Broberg, Karin and Gliga, Anda R.}},
  issn         = {{2045-2322}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Scientific Reports}},
  title        = {{Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01177-7}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41598-021-01177-7}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}