Pathophysiology of syncope : current concepts and their development
Benditt, David G. ; Fedorowski, Artur LU
; Sutton, Richard
LU
and van Dijk, J. Gert
(2025)
In Physiological Reviews
105(1).
p.209-266
- Abstract
Syncope is a symptom in which transient loss of consciousness occurs as a consequence of a self-limited, spontaneously terminating period of cerebral hypoperfusion. Many circulatory disturbances (e.g. brady- or tachyarrhythmias, reflex cardioinhibition-vasodepression-hypotension) may trigger a syncope or near-syncope episode, and identifying the cause(s) is often challenging. Some syncope may involve multiple etiologies operating in concert, whereas in other cases multiple syncope events may be due to various differing causes at different times. In this communication, we address the current understanding of the principal contributors to syncope pathophysiology including examination of the manner in which concepts evolved, an overview of... (More)
Syncope is a symptom in which transient loss of consciousness occurs as a consequence of a self-limited, spontaneously terminating period of cerebral hypoperfusion. Many circulatory disturbances (e.g. brady- or tachyarrhythmias, reflex cardioinhibition-vasodepression-hypotension) may trigger a syncope or near-syncope episode, and identifying the cause(s) is often challenging. Some syncope may involve multiple etiologies operating in concert, whereas in other cases multiple syncope events may be due to various differing causes at different times. In this communication, we address the current understanding of the principal contributors to syncope pathophysiology including examination of the manner in which concepts evolved, an overview of factors that constitute consciousness and loss of consciousness, and aspects of neurovascular control and communication that are impacted by cerebral hypoperfusion leading to syncope. Emphasis focuses on 1) current understanding of the way transient systemic hypotension impacts brain blood flow and brain function; 2) the complexity and temporal sequence of vascular, humoral, and cardiac factors that may accompany the most common causes of syncope; 3) the range of circumstances and disease states that may lead to syncope; and 4) clinical features associated with syncope and in particular the reflex syncope syndromes.
(Less)
- author
- Benditt, David G.
; Fedorowski, Artur
LU
; Sutton, Richard
LU
and van Dijk, J. Gert
- organization
- publishing date
- 2025-01-01
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- arrhythmias, cerebral blood flow, hypotension, neurohumoral agents, syncope
- in
- Physiological Reviews
- volume
- 105
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 58 pages
- publisher
- American Physiological Society
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85207857008
- pmid:39146249
- pmid:39146249
- ISSN
- 1522-1210
- DOI
- 10.1152/physrev.00007.2024
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 0347a3ca-6f55-4d23-b1d9-2453464f2657
- date added to LUP
- 2024-08-19 14:30:38
- date last changed
- 2025-07-08 11:28:16
@article{0347a3ca-6f55-4d23-b1d9-2453464f2657,
abstract = {{<p>Syncope is a symptom in which transient loss of consciousness occurs as a consequence of a self-limited, spontaneously terminating period of cerebral hypoperfusion. Many circulatory disturbances (e.g. brady- or tachyarrhythmias, reflex cardioinhibition-vasodepression-hypotension) may trigger a syncope or near-syncope episode, and identifying the cause(s) is often challenging. Some syncope may involve multiple etiologies operating in concert, whereas in other cases multiple syncope events may be due to various differing causes at different times. In this communication, we address the current understanding of the principal contributors to syncope pathophysiology including examination of the manner in which concepts evolved, an overview of factors that constitute consciousness and loss of consciousness, and aspects of neurovascular control and communication that are impacted by cerebral hypoperfusion leading to syncope. Emphasis focuses on 1) current understanding of the way transient systemic hypotension impacts brain blood flow and brain function; 2) the complexity and temporal sequence of vascular, humoral, and cardiac factors that may accompany the most common causes of syncope; 3) the range of circumstances and disease states that may lead to syncope; and 4) clinical features associated with syncope and in particular the reflex syncope syndromes.</p>}},
author = {{Benditt, David G. and Fedorowski, Artur and Sutton, Richard and van Dijk, J. Gert}},
issn = {{1522-1210}},
keywords = {{arrhythmias; cerebral blood flow; hypotension; neurohumoral agents; syncope}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{01}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{209--266}},
publisher = {{American Physiological Society}},
series = {{Physiological Reviews}},
title = {{Pathophysiology of syncope : current concepts and their development}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00007.2024}},
doi = {{10.1152/physrev.00007.2024}},
volume = {{105}},
year = {{2025}},
}