Tactical Depressurization of Hydrogen and CNG Tanks Using Rifles and Other Projectiles
Runefors, Marcus LU
and Egardt, Erik
(2021)
International Conference on Hydrogen Safety
p.1615-1626
- Abstract
- After a tank has been exposed to crash violence, or an external fire, it might, in some situations, be judged dangerous to move the vessel due to the risk of a sudden tank rupture. Therefore, Swedish rescue services have a long history of using rifles to penetrate and therefore depressurize the vessels. In this paper, some first steps on providing guidance on the selection of ammunition and required stand back distance are presented. The results indicate that a stand back distance on the order of 100 m is required and that the standard 7.62 Ball should only be used for composite CNG-tanks, while stronger ammunitions are needed for steel and composite hydrogen tanks. However, more research is required to provide a more solid scientific... (More)
- After a tank has been exposed to crash violence, or an external fire, it might, in some situations, be judged dangerous to move the vessel due to the risk of a sudden tank rupture. Therefore, Swedish rescue services have a long history of using rifles to penetrate and therefore depressurize the vessels. In this paper, some first steps on providing guidance on the selection of ammunition and required stand back distance are presented. The results indicate that a stand back distance on the order of 100 m is required and that the standard 7.62 Ball should only be used for composite CNG-tanks, while stronger ammunitions are needed for steel and composite hydrogen tanks. However, more research is required to provide a more solid scientific underpinning of the tactic guidance. (Less)
- Abstract (Swedish)
- After a tank has been exposed to crash violence, or an external fire, it might, in some situations, be judged dangerous to move the vessel due to the risk of a sudden tank rupture. Therefore, Swedish rescue services have a long history of using rifles to penetrate and therefore depressurize the vessels. In this paper, some first steps on providing guidance on the selection of ammunition and required stand back distance are presented. The results indicate that a stand back distance on the order of 100 m is required and that the standard 7.62 Ball should only be used for composite CNG-tanks, while stronger ammunitions are needed for steel and composite hydrogen tanks. However, more research is required to provide a more solid scientific... (More)
- After a tank has been exposed to crash violence, or an external fire, it might, in some situations, be judged dangerous to move the vessel due to the risk of a sudden tank rupture. Therefore, Swedish rescue services have a long history of using rifles to penetrate and therefore depressurize the vessels. In this paper, some first steps on providing guidance on the selection of ammunition and required stand back distance are presented. The results indicate that a stand back distance on the order of 100 m is required and that the standard 7.62 Ball should only be used for composite CNG-tanks, while stronger ammunitions are needed for steel and composite hydrogen tanks. However, more research is required to provide a more solid scientific underpinning of the tactic guidance. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/03d32d61-3f18-45ba-a7de-ec0b672ef6f4
- author
- Runefors, Marcus
LU
and Egardt, Erik
- organization
- publishing date
- 2021-09-21
- type
- Contribution to conference
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Tank rupture, Rescue services
- pages
- 12 pages
- conference name
- International Conference on Hydrogen Safety
- conference location
- Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- conference dates
- 2021-09-21 - 2021-09-24
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 03d32d61-3f18-45ba-a7de-ec0b672ef6f4
- date added to LUP
- 2024-02-20 12:33:59
- date last changed
- 2024-03-06 12:32:37
@misc{03d32d61-3f18-45ba-a7de-ec0b672ef6f4,
abstract = {{After a tank has been exposed to crash violence, or an external fire, it might, in some situations, be judged dangerous to move the vessel due to the risk of a sudden tank rupture. Therefore, Swedish rescue services have a long history of using rifles to penetrate and therefore depressurize the vessels. In this paper, some first steps on providing guidance on the selection of ammunition and required stand back distance are presented. The results indicate that a stand back distance on the order of 100 m is required and that the standard 7.62 Ball should only be used for composite CNG-tanks, while stronger ammunitions are needed for steel and composite hydrogen tanks. However, more research is required to provide a more solid scientific underpinning of the tactic guidance.}},
author = {{Runefors, Marcus and Egardt, Erik}},
keywords = {{Tank rupture; Rescue services}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{09}},
pages = {{1615--1626}},
title = {{Tactical Depressurization of Hydrogen and CNG Tanks Using Rifles and Other Projectiles}},
url = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/173365072/Runefors_et_al_-_Tactical_depressurization.pdf}},
year = {{2021}},
}