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Field-Free Spin-Orbit Torque Switching of Canted van der Waals Magnets

Zhao, Bing ; Pandey, Lalit ; Ali, Khadiza LU orcid ; Wang, Erdi ; Polley, Craig M. LU ; Thiagarajan, Balasubramanian LU ; Makk, Peter ; Guimarães, Marcos H.D. and Dash, Saroj Prasad (2025) In ACS Nano 19(14). p.13817-13824
Abstract

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching is crucial for next-generation energy-efficient spintronic technologies. The recent discovery of van der Waals (vdW) magnets holds promise for such SOT phenomena because of their tunable magnetic properties. However, a demonstration of energy-efficient and field-free SOT switching of vdW magnets is required for their potential applications. Here, we demonstrate field-free and deterministic switching using an intrinsic canted vdW magnet Fe5GeTe2 in a heterostructure with Pt having a larger spin Hall conductivity up to room temperature. Using anomalous Hall electrical detection for magnetization readout, we reveal that field-free deterministic SOT switching in the... (More)

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching is crucial for next-generation energy-efficient spintronic technologies. The recent discovery of van der Waals (vdW) magnets holds promise for such SOT phenomena because of their tunable magnetic properties. However, a demonstration of energy-efficient and field-free SOT switching of vdW magnets is required for their potential applications. Here, we demonstrate field-free and deterministic switching using an intrinsic canted vdW magnet Fe5GeTe2 in a heterostructure with Pt having a larger spin Hall conductivity up to room temperature. Using anomalous Hall electrical detection for magnetization readout, we reveal that field-free deterministic SOT switching in the Fe5GeTe2/Pt Hall devices can be attributed to the canted magnetic anisotropy of Fe5GeTe2, originating from its crystal and magnetic structures. Detailed second harmonic Hall measurements exhibit a high spin Hall conductivity σSH ∼ 3 × 105ℏ/2e Ω-1m-1 with an SOT effective damping-like field of 0.06 mT per MA/cm2. These findings reveal efficient and field-free SOT phenomena in the canted vdW magnet Fe5GeTe2 up to room temperature and highlight their usefulness in spintronic devices.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
2D magnets, 2D materials, canted magnetization, FeGeTe, room temperature, spin−orbit torque
in
ACS Nano
volume
19
issue
14
pages
8 pages
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • pmid:40162919
  • scopus:105002696800
ISSN
1936-0851
DOI
10.1021/acsnano.4c16826
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
06158166-e4b3-434e-9df0-4b920271214c
date added to LUP
2025-08-08 09:38:53
date last changed
2025-08-09 03:00:02
@article{06158166-e4b3-434e-9df0-4b920271214c,
  abstract     = {{<p>Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching is crucial for next-generation energy-efficient spintronic technologies. The recent discovery of van der Waals (vdW) magnets holds promise for such SOT phenomena because of their tunable magnetic properties. However, a demonstration of energy-efficient and field-free SOT switching of vdW magnets is required for their potential applications. Here, we demonstrate field-free and deterministic switching using an intrinsic canted vdW magnet Fe<sub>5</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub> in a heterostructure with Pt having a larger spin Hall conductivity up to room temperature. Using anomalous Hall electrical detection for magnetization readout, we reveal that field-free deterministic SOT switching in the Fe<sub>5</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub>/Pt Hall devices can be attributed to the canted magnetic anisotropy of Fe<sub>5</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub>, originating from its crystal and magnetic structures. Detailed second harmonic Hall measurements exhibit a high spin Hall conductivity σ<sub>SH</sub> ∼ 3 × 10<sup>5</sup>ℏ/2e Ω<sup>-1</sup>m<sup>-1</sup> with an SOT effective damping-like field of 0.06 mT per MA/cm<sup>2</sup>. These findings reveal efficient and field-free SOT phenomena in the canted vdW magnet Fe<sub>5</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub> up to room temperature and highlight their usefulness in spintronic devices.</p>}},
  author       = {{Zhao, Bing and Pandey, Lalit and Ali, Khadiza and Wang, Erdi and Polley, Craig M. and Thiagarajan, Balasubramanian and Makk, Peter and Guimarães, Marcos H.D. and Dash, Saroj Prasad}},
  issn         = {{1936-0851}},
  keywords     = {{2D magnets; 2D materials; canted magnetization; FeGeTe; room temperature; spin−orbit torque}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{14}},
  pages        = {{13817--13824}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{ACS Nano}},
  title        = {{Field-Free Spin-Orbit Torque Switching of Canted van der Waals Magnets}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c16826}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsnano.4c16826}},
  volume       = {{19}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}