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Platelet activation and tissue factor release in hemolytic uremic syndrome

Ståhl, Anne-lie LU (2008) In Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2008:122.
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. There are two subtypes: typical HUS associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and atypical HUS associated with uninhibited activation of the alternative pathway of complement. EHEC produce virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Shiga toxin. Atypical HUS is associated with mutations in complement regulators, mainly in factor H. During HUS platelets are activated and consumed leading to thrombocytopenia. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate how platelet activation occurs and if tissue factor is released during typical and atypical HUS, as pathogenetic... (More)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. There are two subtypes: typical HUS associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and atypical HUS associated with uninhibited activation of the alternative pathway of complement. EHEC produce virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Shiga toxin. Atypical HUS is associated with mutations in complement regulators, mainly in factor H. During HUS platelets are activated and consumed leading to thrombocytopenia. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate how platelet activation occurs and if tissue factor is released during typical and atypical HUS, as pathogenetic mechanisms explaining the formation of thrombotic microangiopathy.



LPS was shown to bind to platelets through a novel receptor complex composed of TLR4/CD62. Binding led to platelet activation and aggregation. Shiga toxin bound to activated platelets and monocytes. In whole blood LPS and Shiga toxin induced platelet-leukocyte complex formation, generation of tissue factor-expressing platelet microparticles and release of functional tissue factor into plasma. Patients with typical HUS were shown to have LPS and Shiga toxin bound to their platelets and increased levels of platelet-leukocyte complexes, tissue factor-expressing platelet microparticles and circulating tissue factor were demonstrated.



Mutated factor H was incapable of protecting platelets from complement activation. This was demonstrated using serum from patients with atypical HUS and defined mutations in factor H. Purified mutated factor H exhibited decreased binding to the platelet surface and allowed complement activation to occur. Complement activation on platelets led to their activation and release of tissue factor-expressing microparticles.



Clusterin is one of the regulators of the terminal complement pathway. A novel mutation in clusterin (Q433P) was found in a child with atypical HUS. This mutated protein could not bind C5b-7 and serum from the patient induced complement activation on normal platelets.



The results presented in this thesis show that LPS and complement deposition on platelets can activate platelets, release tissue factor and ultimately result in a prothrombotic state. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Flock, Jan-Ingmar, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Hemolytic uremic syndrome, platelets, tissue factor, LPS, Shiga toxin, complement system, factor H, clusterin
in
Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
volume
2008:122
pages
192 pages
publisher
Department of Pediatrics, Lund University
defense location
Belfragesalen, D15, Biomedicinskt centrum (BMC), Lund
defense date
2008-12-16 09:00:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-86059-75-0
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Ståhl AL, Svensson M, Mörgelin M, Svanborg C, Tarr PI, Johnson R, Karpman D. Lipopolysaccharide from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli binds to platelets via TLR4 and CD62 and is detected on circulating platelets in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome. Blood 2006;108:167-76. Ståhl A-L, Sartz L, Nelsson A, Bekassy Z, Karpman D. Lipopolysaccharide and Shiga toxin induce the formation of platelet-leukocyte complexes and tissue factor release; a prothrombotic mechanism in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Submitted. Ståhl A-L, Vaziri-Sani F, Kristoffersson AC, Gydell K-H, Raafat R, Gutierrez A, Beringer O, Zipfel PZ, Karpman D. Factor H dysfunction in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome contributes to complement deposition on platelets and their activation. Blood 2008; 111: 5307-5315. Ståhl AL, Kristoffersson AC, Olin A, Roodhooft A-M, Proesmans W, Karpman D. A novel mutation in the complement regulator clusterin in recurrent haemolytic uremic syndrome. Submitted.
id
138f5510-d5f7-4fcd-9d23-47114608f202 (old id 1270243)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 14:56:06
date last changed
2019-05-22 02:06:14
@phdthesis{138f5510-d5f7-4fcd-9d23-47114608f202,
  abstract     = {{Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. There are two subtypes: typical HUS associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and atypical HUS associated with uninhibited activation of the alternative pathway of complement. EHEC produce virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Shiga toxin. Atypical HUS is associated with mutations in complement regulators, mainly in factor H. During HUS platelets are activated and consumed leading to thrombocytopenia. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate how platelet activation occurs and if tissue factor is released during typical and atypical HUS, as pathogenetic mechanisms explaining the formation of thrombotic microangiopathy.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
LPS was shown to bind to platelets through a novel receptor complex composed of TLR4/CD62. Binding led to platelet activation and aggregation. Shiga toxin bound to activated platelets and monocytes. In whole blood LPS and Shiga toxin induced platelet-leukocyte complex formation, generation of tissue factor-expressing platelet microparticles and release of functional tissue factor into plasma. Patients with typical HUS were shown to have LPS and Shiga toxin bound to their platelets and increased levels of platelet-leukocyte complexes, tissue factor-expressing platelet microparticles and circulating tissue factor were demonstrated. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
Mutated factor H was incapable of protecting platelets from complement activation. This was demonstrated using serum from patients with atypical HUS and defined mutations in factor H. Purified mutated factor H exhibited decreased binding to the platelet surface and allowed complement activation to occur. Complement activation on platelets led to their activation and release of tissue factor-expressing microparticles. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
Clusterin is one of the regulators of the terminal complement pathway. A novel mutation in clusterin (Q433P) was found in a child with atypical HUS. This mutated protein could not bind C5b-7 and serum from the patient induced complement activation on normal platelets. <br/><br>
<br/><br>
The results presented in this thesis show that LPS and complement deposition on platelets can activate platelets, release tissue factor and ultimately result in a prothrombotic state.}},
  author       = {{Ståhl, Anne-lie}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-86059-75-0}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  keywords     = {{Hemolytic uremic syndrome; platelets; tissue factor; LPS; Shiga toxin; complement system; factor H; clusterin}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Department of Pediatrics, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{Platelet activation and tissue factor release in hemolytic uremic syndrome}},
  volume       = {{2008:122}},
  year         = {{2008}},
}