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Discovery of thymosin β4 as a human exerkine and growth factor

Gonzalez-Franquesa, Alba ; Stocks, Ben ; Borg, Melissa L. ; Kuefner, Michael ; Dalbram, Emilie ; Nielsen, Thomas S. ; Agrawal, Ankita ; Pankratova, Stanislava ; Chibalin, Alexander V. and Karlsson, Håkan K.R. , et al. (2021) In American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology 321(5). p.770-778
Abstract

Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ secreting exercise-induced factors (exerkines), which play a pivotal role in interorgan cross talk. Using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we characterized the secretome and identified thymosin b4 (TMSB4X) as the most upregulated secreted protein in the media of contracting C2C12 myotubes. TMSB4X was also acutely increased in the plasma of exercising humans irrespective of the insulin resistance condition or exercise mode. Treatment of mice with TMSB4X did not ameliorate the metabolic disruptions associated with diet induced-obesity, nor did it enhance muscle regeneration in vivo. However, TMSB4X increased osteoblast proliferation and neurite outgrowth, consistent with its WADA... (More)

Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ secreting exercise-induced factors (exerkines), which play a pivotal role in interorgan cross talk. Using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we characterized the secretome and identified thymosin b4 (TMSB4X) as the most upregulated secreted protein in the media of contracting C2C12 myotubes. TMSB4X was also acutely increased in the plasma of exercising humans irrespective of the insulin resistance condition or exercise mode. Treatment of mice with TMSB4X did not ameliorate the metabolic disruptions associated with diet induced-obesity, nor did it enhance muscle regeneration in vivo. However, TMSB4X increased osteoblast proliferation and neurite outgrowth, consistent with its WADA classification as a prohibited growth factor. Therefore, we report TMSB4X as a human exerkine with a potential role in cellular cross talk.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Exercise, Exerkine, Growth factor, Muscle contraction, Secreted factor
in
American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology
volume
321
issue
5
pages
770 - 778
publisher
American Physiological Society
external identifiers
  • scopus:85119155439
  • pmid:34495765
ISSN
0363-6143
DOI
10.1152/ajpcell.00263.2021
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 the American Physiological Society.
id
13ed2e37-103a-4d7d-85e1-142a66e2cd51
date added to LUP
2021-12-03 09:53:22
date last changed
2025-03-09 23:26:13
@article{13ed2e37-103a-4d7d-85e1-142a66e2cd51,
  abstract     = {{<p>Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ secreting exercise-induced factors (exerkines), which play a pivotal role in interorgan cross talk. Using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we characterized the secretome and identified thymosin b4 (TMSB4X) as the most upregulated secreted protein in the media of contracting C2C12 myotubes. TMSB4X was also acutely increased in the plasma of exercising humans irrespective of the insulin resistance condition or exercise mode. Treatment of mice with TMSB4X did not ameliorate the metabolic disruptions associated with diet induced-obesity, nor did it enhance muscle regeneration in vivo. However, TMSB4X increased osteoblast proliferation and neurite outgrowth, consistent with its WADA classification as a prohibited growth factor. Therefore, we report TMSB4X as a human exerkine with a potential role in cellular cross talk.</p>}},
  author       = {{Gonzalez-Franquesa, Alba and Stocks, Ben and Borg, Melissa L. and Kuefner, Michael and Dalbram, Emilie and Nielsen, Thomas S. and Agrawal, Ankita and Pankratova, Stanislava and Chibalin, Alexander V. and Karlsson, Håkan K.R. and Gheibi, Sevda and Björnholm, Marie and Jørgensen, Niklas Rye and Clemmensen, Christoffer and Hostrup, Morten and Treebak, Jonas T. and Krook, Anna and Zierath, Juleen R. and Deshmukh, Atul S.}},
  issn         = {{0363-6143}},
  keywords     = {{Exercise; Exerkine; Growth factor; Muscle contraction; Secreted factor}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{11}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{770--778}},
  publisher    = {{American Physiological Society}},
  series       = {{American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology}},
  title        = {{Discovery of thymosin β4 as a human exerkine and growth factor}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00263.2021}},
  doi          = {{10.1152/ajpcell.00263.2021}},
  volume       = {{321}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}