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Nazismens sensmoral : Svenska erfarenheter i andra världskrigets efterdyning

Östling, Johan LU orcid (2008)
Abstract
At the core of this study is an enquiry into the experiences of Nazism and the conclusions that were drawn from them. The prime concern is the ideological and intellectual arena in Sweden in the wake of the Second World War, but throughout the study the Swedish case is examined against a more general international background.

In recent years, many international scholars have turned their interest to the early postwar era, a formative period in many parts of Europe. One question has been of particular concern: How did the Nazi experience shape the postwar world? By contrast, the overwhelming majority of the Swedish research on these years has been carried out as if the experiences of National Socialism were insignificant to... (More)
At the core of this study is an enquiry into the experiences of Nazism and the conclusions that were drawn from them. The prime concern is the ideological and intellectual arena in Sweden in the wake of the Second World War, but throughout the study the Swedish case is examined against a more general international background.

In recent years, many international scholars have turned their interest to the early postwar era, a formative period in many parts of Europe. One question has been of particular concern: How did the Nazi experience shape the postwar world? By contrast, the overwhelming majority of the Swedish research on these years has been carried out as if the experiences of National Socialism were insignificant to Sweden. The aim of this dissertation, therefore, is to analyze the repercussions of the Nazi experience for postwar society.

Inspired by the tradition of conceptual history and Reinhart Koselleck’s hermeneutical approach, I begin by elucidating the content of the Nazi experience in the aftermath of the war. The study shows that an unambiguous, homogenous interpretation of Nazism dominated. National Socialism was regarded as a nationalistic phenomenon, characterized by irrationalism and barbaric manner. According to the Swedish interpreters, Nazism had its roots in distinctively German traditions – militarism, Prussianism, Romanticism.

Against the background of the Swedish understanding of Nazism, three major chapters are devoted to the conclusions drawn from the Nazi experience. In a biographical chapter, a process of stigmatization is uncovered, where those associated with National Socialism, including Fredrik Böök, Zarah Leander och Erich Wittenberg, were branded in various ways. In this process, certain traditions were suppressed and other ideas gained ground. Drawing from two fundamental, normative fields of modern societies, the education and the law, I examine this historical dynamics further by relating the Nazi experience to “the ideas of 1945”, a label for the ideological foundations of the early postwar era. Moreover, the experience had a profound impact on Swedish attitudes towards German culture and contained a strong appeal: stay away from the German sphere.

In conclusion, this study demonstrates how historical experiences influence human minds and affect the attitudes of society. From the interplay between the dark experiences of the past and the bright dreams of the future, postwar Sweden emerged. (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • Fil. dr Tydén, Mattias, Institutet för framtidsstudier
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Nazism, experience, Reinhart Koselleck, conceptual history, the Second World War, the postwar era, Sweden, German culture, Thomas Mann, stigma, cultural radicalism, natural law, generation
pages
392 pages
publisher
Bokförlaget Atlantis
defense location
Historiska institutionen, sal 3
defense date
2008-12-06 10:15:00
ISBN
978-91-7353-279-2
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
additional info
I blickfånget för denna studie står frågan om erfarenheterna av nazismen och den sensmoral de gav upphov till. Undersökningen inriktas mot eftervärldens upplevelser och bearbetningar av nazismen, i synnerhet de slutsatser som drogs av den nazistiska erfarenheten i andra världskrigets efterdyning. Tyngdpunkten återfinns i det ideologiska och intellektuella fältet i Sverige, men resonemangen avtecknar sig genomgående mot en större europeisk efterkrigsfond. På senare tid har många internationella forskare uppmärksammat den tidiga efterkrigstiden, en formerande period i Europas moderna historia. En fråga har varit särskilt betydelsefull: Hur präglades efterkrigsvärlden av den nazistiska erfarenheten? Merparten av den svenska forskningen har däremot utförts som om erfarenheterna av nationalsocialismen inte spelade någon roll för Sverige. Syftet med denna avhandling är därför att analysera hur den nazistiska erfarenheten formade efterkrigssamhället. Studien tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i Reinhart Kosellecks hermeneutiska historieförståelse. En inledande begreppshistorisk analys ger vid handen att en särskild tolkning av nazismen dominerade i andra världskrigets kölvatten. Nationalsocialismen uppfattades i Sverige som ett extremnationalistiskt fenomen, kännetecknat av våld, irrationalism och barbariska sedvänjor. Än mer var det dock en tysk företeelse och dess ursprung måste sökas i tyska traditioner: militarism, preusseri, romantik. Mot bakgrund av denna svenska tolkning av nazismen ägnas tre större kapitel åt de slutsatser som drogs av den nazistiska erfarenheten under tidig efterkrigstid, det jag kallar för nazismens sensmoral. Inledningsvis undersöks stigmatiseringen av dem som associerades med nationalsocialismen, till exempel Fredrik Böök, Zarah Leander och Erich Wittenberg. I denna process utmönstrades somliga traditioner medan andra kunde bereda ut sig. Denna historiska dynamik blir än tydligare i analysen av framväxten och konsolideringen av ”1945 års idéer”. Genom att koncentrera mig på två fundamentala, normativa områden, skolan och rätten, åskådliggör jag hur den nazistiska erfarenheten i krigets spår röjde väg för detta nya ideologiska landskap, utmärkt av kulturradikalism, rationalism och sekularism. Samtidigt brännmärktes kontinentala traditioner och en rörelse från den tyska till den anglosaxiska kultursfären accelererade. Den nazistiska erfarenheten ändade på så vis slutgiltigt den tyska epoken i svensk historia. I andra världskrigets efterdyning bidrog således nazismens sensmoral till att prägla den ideologiska ordningen, bereda väg för den rationalistiska kulturradikalismen och skynda på den kulturella nyorienteringen. I växelspelet mellan historiens mörka erfarenheter och framtidens ljusa drömmar bröt den svenska efterkrigsvärlden fram.
id
141b9076-b003-4d78-9df1-501118e2c532 (old id 1264743)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 12:18:49
date last changed
2020-08-04 16:58:39
@phdthesis{141b9076-b003-4d78-9df1-501118e2c532,
  abstract     = {{At the core of this study is an enquiry into the experiences of Nazism and the conclusions that were drawn from them. The prime concern is the ideological and intellectual arena in Sweden in the wake of the Second World War, but throughout the study the Swedish case is examined against a more general international background. <br/><br>
 In recent years, many international scholars have turned their interest to the early postwar era, a formative period in many parts of Europe. One question has been of particular concern: How did the Nazi experience shape the postwar world? By contrast, the overwhelming majority of the Swedish research on these years has been carried out as if the experiences of National Socialism were insignificant to Sweden. The aim of this dissertation, therefore, is to analyze the repercussions of the Nazi experience for postwar society.<br/><br>
 Inspired by the tradition of conceptual history and Reinhart Koselleck’s hermeneutical approach, I begin by elucidating the content of the Nazi experience in the aftermath of the war. The study shows that an unambiguous, homogenous interpretation of Nazism dominated. National Socialism was regarded as a nationalistic phenomenon, characterized by irrationalism and barbaric manner. According to the Swedish interpreters, Nazism had its roots in distinctively German traditions – militarism, Prussianism, Romanticism. <br/><br>
 Against the background of the Swedish understanding of Nazism, three major chapters are devoted to the conclusions drawn from the Nazi experience. In a biographical chapter, a process of stigmatization is uncovered, where those associated with National Socialism, including Fredrik Böök, Zarah Leander och Erich Wittenberg, were branded in various ways. In this process, certain traditions were suppressed and other ideas gained ground. Drawing from two fundamental, normative fields of modern societies, the education and the law, I examine this historical dynamics further by relating the Nazi experience to “the ideas of 1945”, a label for the ideological foundations of the early postwar era. Moreover, the experience had a profound impact on Swedish attitudes towards German culture and contained a strong appeal: stay away from the German sphere. <br/><br>
 In conclusion, this study demonstrates how historical experiences influence human minds and affect the attitudes of society. From the interplay between the dark experiences of the past and the bright dreams of the future, postwar Sweden emerged.}},
  author       = {{Östling, Johan}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-7353-279-2}},
  keywords     = {{Nazism; experience; Reinhart Koselleck; conceptual history; the Second World War; the postwar era; Sweden; German culture; Thomas Mann; stigma; cultural radicalism; natural law; generation}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Bokförlaget Atlantis}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Nazismens sensmoral : Svenska erfarenheter i andra världskrigets efterdyning}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/5976473/1264750.pdf}},
  year         = {{2008}},
}