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Responses to Tumour initiating factors and Regulation of Normal and Malignant Haematopoiesis

Diffner, Eva LU (2010) In Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2010:76.
Abstract
The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resides within a specific environment enabling it to retain its self-renewal capacity or quiescent state. It is proposed that the HSC niche is hypoxic, a milieu within which the HSC is protected from intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. We have investigated the haematopoietic phenotype of an HSC in a mouse model where hypoxia-regulated Vegfa expression is abrogated. In Vegfaδ/δ mice, the HRE in the Vegfa promoter has been deleted at both alleles, thereby inhibiting HIF-binding and subsequent activation of Vegfa expression following hypoxia. We show that hypoxic regulation of Vegfa expression within the haematopoietic system affects haematopoietic differentiation and numbers of HSCs to a small extent.... (More)
The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resides within a specific environment enabling it to retain its self-renewal capacity or quiescent state. It is proposed that the HSC niche is hypoxic, a milieu within which the HSC is protected from intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. We have investigated the haematopoietic phenotype of an HSC in a mouse model where hypoxia-regulated Vegfa expression is abrogated. In Vegfaδ/δ mice, the HRE in the Vegfa promoter has been deleted at both alleles, thereby inhibiting HIF-binding and subsequent activation of Vegfa expression following hypoxia. We show that hypoxic regulation of Vegfa expression within the haematopoietic system affects haematopoietic differentiation and numbers of HSCs to a small extent. Interestingly, Vegfa expression was shown to be reduced in highly purified HSCs from bone marrow of Vegfaδ/δ mice but not in mature cells, suggesting that the niche of the HSC is hypoxic.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. Contemporary treatment protocols result in cure rates of 80-85% but 15-20% of children still experience relapse. A group of patients do therefore not benefit from conventional therapy underlining the urgent need to identify additional biomarkers at diagnosis. We have investigated the expression of VEGF-A, its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 as well as PTEN and SHP1 in childhood ALL using immunohistochemistry. We observed that the expression of VEGFR-1, PTEN and SHP1 in mononuclear cells of children with ALL were significantly different to the expression of mononuclear cells in children with no malignant disease. VEGFR-1, PTEN and SHP1 may be potential prognostic factors for childhood ALL.

Chromosomal translocations are reported in approximately 65% of all acute leukaemias. Reports have identified leukaemic translocations in human peripheral blood of healthy individuals supporting the hypothesis that leukaemic transformation is a multistep process. The t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) translocation is a reciprocal translocation and forms both an in-frame CALM·AF10 and AF10·CALM fusion. The long latency period prior to the onset of leukaemia in CALM·AF10 mice models suggests that the fusion protein alone does not cause leukaemic development. We hypothesise that AF10·CALM is required for the full leukaemic phenotype. In an in vitro model, we found that t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) reciprocal fusions have individual effects on cell biology and, when found in combination, have either a more pronounced or an inhibitory effect on leukaemogenesis. This highlights the importance of examining both fusion proteins in a two transcript reciprocal translocation as they on their own may have individual characteristics. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Prof. MD PhD Grandér, Dan, Karolinska Institute, Department of Oncology & Pathology, Cancer center Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
in
Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
volume
2010:76
pages
110 pages
publisher
Center for Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
defense location
Main lecture hall, Pathology building, entrance 78, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö
defense date
2010-06-18 13:00:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-86443-92-4
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
81acb1b5-dadf-4f0a-8ce9-735cee81dba7 (old id 1609693)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 12:52:02
date last changed
2023-04-18 20:49:22
@phdthesis{81acb1b5-dadf-4f0a-8ce9-735cee81dba7,
  abstract     = {{The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resides within a specific environment enabling it to retain its self-renewal capacity or quiescent state. It is proposed that the HSC niche is hypoxic, a milieu within which the HSC is protected from intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. We have investigated the haematopoietic phenotype of an HSC in a mouse model where hypoxia-regulated Vegfa expression is abrogated. In Vegfaδ/δ mice, the HRE in the Vegfa promoter has been deleted at both alleles, thereby inhibiting HIF-binding and subsequent activation of Vegfa expression following hypoxia. We show that hypoxic regulation of Vegfa expression within the haematopoietic system affects haematopoietic differentiation and numbers of HSCs to a small extent. Interestingly, Vegfa expression was shown to be reduced in highly purified HSCs from bone marrow of Vegfaδ/δ mice but not in mature cells, suggesting that the niche of the HSC is hypoxic.<br/><br>
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. Contemporary treatment protocols result in cure rates of 80-85% but 15-20% of children still experience relapse. A group of patients do therefore not benefit from conventional therapy underlining the urgent need to identify additional biomarkers at diagnosis. We have investigated the expression of VEGF-A, its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 as well as PTEN and SHP1 in childhood ALL using immunohistochemistry. We observed that the expression of VEGFR-1, PTEN and SHP1 in mononuclear cells of children with ALL were significantly different to the expression of mononuclear cells in children with no malignant disease. VEGFR-1, PTEN and SHP1 may be potential prognostic factors for childhood ALL.<br/><br>
Chromosomal translocations are reported in approximately 65% of all acute leukaemias. Reports have identified leukaemic translocations in human peripheral blood of healthy individuals supporting the hypothesis that leukaemic transformation is a multistep process. The t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) translocation is a reciprocal translocation and forms both an in-frame CALM·AF10 and AF10·CALM fusion. The long latency period prior to the onset of leukaemia in CALM·AF10 mice models suggests that the fusion protein alone does not cause leukaemic development. We hypothesise that AF10·CALM is required for the full leukaemic phenotype. In an in vitro model, we found that t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) reciprocal fusions have individual effects on cell biology and, when found in combination, have either a more pronounced or an inhibitory effect on leukaemogenesis. This highlights the importance of examining both fusion proteins in a two transcript reciprocal translocation as they on their own may have individual characteristics.}},
  author       = {{Diffner, Eva}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-86443-92-4}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Center for Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{Responses to Tumour initiating factors and Regulation of Normal and Malignant Haematopoiesis}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/3020392/1609694.pdf}},
  volume       = {{2010:76}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}