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Evaluation of Feasibility of High-Power Long-Pulse Transformers Using Single-Layer and Pancake Winding Techniques

Collins, Max LU and Martins, Carlos A. LU (2021) In IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 49(7). p.2217-2226
Abstract

Solid-state klystron modulators are typically based on oil-immersed high-voltage (HV) pulse transformers because of their high performance, robustness, simplicity, and straightforward design. However, pulse transformer size is fundamentally linked to application pulse length, pulse power, and pulse rise time. For high-power applications transformer size quickly becomes very problematic when approaching pulse lengths on the order of one millisecond. This article presents a systematic study of the applicability of HV pulse transformers for such long-pulse high-power applications. Both the single-layer and pancake winding techniques are evaluated, keeping reduction of transformer volume as the main design objective. First, design models... (More)

Solid-state klystron modulators are typically based on oil-immersed high-voltage (HV) pulse transformers because of their high performance, robustness, simplicity, and straightforward design. However, pulse transformer size is fundamentally linked to application pulse length, pulse power, and pulse rise time. For high-power applications transformer size quickly becomes very problematic when approaching pulse lengths on the order of one millisecond. This article presents a systematic study of the applicability of HV pulse transformers for such long-pulse high-power applications. Both the single-layer and pancake winding techniques are evaluated, keeping reduction of transformer volume as the main design objective. First, design models and efficient optimization procedures are developed. The proposed models are validated through circuit simulation, 3-D finite element analysis, and comparison with a commercial HV long-pulse transformer. Then, the developed optimization procedure is used in studying the evolution of pulse transformer size when pulse length is varied from 500 μs to 5 ms assuming peak pulse power requirements corresponding to that of the European Spallation Source (ESS) klystron modulators (115 kV, 100 A, 14 Hz). Finally, the developed trends are used to derive general analytical equations expressing maximum attainable pulse length as a function of application parameters and system constraints.

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author
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Accelerator power supplies, high-voltage (HV) techniques, pulse generation, pulse power systems
in
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
volume
49
issue
7
article number
9464913
pages
10 pages
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85111258474
ISSN
0093-3813
DOI
10.1109/TPS.2021.3089666
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
16eec0bc-f267-489c-aea0-f2b7c7f2e9cd
date added to LUP
2021-08-30 14:00:02
date last changed
2022-04-27 03:31:26
@article{16eec0bc-f267-489c-aea0-f2b7c7f2e9cd,
  abstract     = {{<p>Solid-state klystron modulators are typically based on oil-immersed high-voltage (HV) pulse transformers because of their high performance, robustness, simplicity, and straightforward design. However, pulse transformer size is fundamentally linked to application pulse length, pulse power, and pulse rise time. For high-power applications transformer size quickly becomes very problematic when approaching pulse lengths on the order of one millisecond. This article presents a systematic study of the applicability of HV pulse transformers for such long-pulse high-power applications. Both the single-layer and pancake winding techniques are evaluated, keeping reduction of transformer volume as the main design objective. First, design models and efficient optimization procedures are developed. The proposed models are validated through circuit simulation, 3-D finite element analysis, and comparison with a commercial HV long-pulse transformer. Then, the developed optimization procedure is used in studying the evolution of pulse transformer size when pulse length is varied from 500 μs to 5 ms assuming peak pulse power requirements corresponding to that of the European Spallation Source (ESS) klystron modulators (115 kV, 100 A, 14 Hz). Finally, the developed trends are used to derive general analytical equations expressing maximum attainable pulse length as a function of application parameters and system constraints.</p>}},
  author       = {{Collins, Max and Martins, Carlos A.}},
  issn         = {{0093-3813}},
  keywords     = {{Accelerator power supplies; high-voltage (HV) techniques; pulse generation; pulse power systems}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{2217--2226}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science}},
  title        = {{Evaluation of Feasibility of High-Power Long-Pulse Transformers Using Single-Layer and Pancake Winding Techniques}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2021.3089666}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/TPS.2021.3089666}},
  volume       = {{49}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}