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Emulsions of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents stabilised with poloxamer surfactants and stearate salts

Green, Bradley G. LU ; Ferreira, Matheus O. ; Vainikka, Petteri A. LU ; Ma, Kun ; Alba Venero, Diego ; Terry, Ann LU ; Cross, Emily R. and Edler, Karen J. LU orcid (2026) In Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 723.
Abstract

Small angle neutron scattering and small angle X-ray scattering methods were used alongside droplet size analysis to determine the nanoscale effects of the addition of stearate salts of sodium, calcium and magnesium at the interface of a 30:70 oil: water emulsion. The dispersed phase consisted of hydrophobic dodecanoic acid: menthol deep eutectic solvent with up to 2.5 wt.% stearate salt. The continuous phase consisted of an aqueous solution of non-ionic, poloxamer surfactant. The scattering data shows the presence of sharp smooth interfaces, indicated by the Q−4 scattering decay, while undulations in the scattering in the Porod region indicate the presence of aggregated surfactant with a lamellar structure at the interface... (More)

Small angle neutron scattering and small angle X-ray scattering methods were used alongside droplet size analysis to determine the nanoscale effects of the addition of stearate salts of sodium, calcium and magnesium at the interface of a 30:70 oil: water emulsion. The dispersed phase consisted of hydrophobic dodecanoic acid: menthol deep eutectic solvent with up to 2.5 wt.% stearate salt. The continuous phase consisted of an aqueous solution of non-ionic, poloxamer surfactant. The scattering data shows the presence of sharp smooth interfaces, indicated by the Q−4 scattering decay, while undulations in the scattering in the Porod region indicate the presence of aggregated surfactant with a lamellar structure at the interface of the two phases. The nanoscale structural characteristics, such as layer thickness and d-spacing of these surfactant assemblies are modified by the presence of stearate salts. This effect is demonstrated especially with sodium stearate, which improves the emulsion storage stability and reduces the polydispersity of the emulsion droplets. This increase in stability is due to the ability of sodium salts to alter the surfactant structure and promote the formation of gel networks on the emulsion interface.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
DES, Emulsion, Eutectic solvents, Poloxamer, Stearate, Surfactant
in
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
volume
723
article number
140901
pages
11 pages
publisher
Academic Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:42341731
  • scopus:105042745277
ISSN
0021-9797
DOI
10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140901
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
id
1a5c58b1-bb32-4828-8e7d-f0f6ec959c9d
date added to LUP
2026-08-10 11:45:37
date last changed
2026-09-07 14:31:31
@article{1a5c58b1-bb32-4828-8e7d-f0f6ec959c9d,
  abstract     = {{<p>Small angle neutron scattering and small angle X-ray scattering methods were used alongside droplet size analysis to determine the nanoscale effects of the addition of stearate salts of sodium, calcium and magnesium at the interface of a 30:70 oil: water emulsion. The dispersed phase consisted of hydrophobic dodecanoic acid: menthol deep eutectic solvent with up to 2.5 wt.% stearate salt. The continuous phase consisted of an aqueous solution of non-ionic, poloxamer surfactant. The scattering data shows the presence of sharp smooth interfaces, indicated by the Q<sup>−4</sup> scattering decay, while undulations in the scattering in the Porod region indicate the presence of aggregated surfactant with a lamellar structure at the interface of the two phases. The nanoscale structural characteristics, such as layer thickness and d-spacing of these surfactant assemblies are modified by the presence of stearate salts. This effect is demonstrated especially with sodium stearate, which improves the emulsion storage stability and reduces the polydispersity of the emulsion droplets. This increase in stability is due to the ability of sodium salts to alter the surfactant structure and promote the formation of gel networks on the emulsion interface.</p>}},
  author       = {{Green, Bradley G. and Ferreira, Matheus O. and Vainikka, Petteri A. and Ma, Kun and Alba Venero, Diego and Terry, Ann and Cross, Emily R. and Edler, Karen J.}},
  issn         = {{0021-9797}},
  keywords     = {{DES; Emulsion; Eutectic solvents; Poloxamer; Stearate; Surfactant}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{06}},
  publisher    = {{Academic Press}},
  series       = {{Journal of Colloid and Interface Science}},
  title        = {{Emulsions of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents stabilised with poloxamer surfactants and stearate salts}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140901}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jcis.2026.140901}},
  volume       = {{723}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}