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Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With MDI : An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8)

Nyström, Thomas ; Schwarz, Erik ; Dahlqvist, Sofia ; Wijkman, Magnus ; Ekelund, Magnus LU ; Holmer, Helen ; Bolinder, Jan ; Hellman, Jarl ; Imberg, Henrik and Hirsch, Irl B. , et al. (2024) In Journal of diabetes science and technology 18(1). p.89-98
Abstract

Background: People with type 1 diabetes generally view it easier to exercise when having continuous information of the glucose levels. We evaluated whether patients with type 1 diabetes managed with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) exercised more after initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and whether the improved glycemic control and well-being associated with CGM translates into improved blood lipids and markers of inflammation. Method: The GOLD trial was a randomized cross-over trial over 16 months where patients used either CGM or capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) over six months, with a four-month wash-out period between the two treatment periods. We compared grade of physical activity, blood lipids,... (More)

Background: People with type 1 diabetes generally view it easier to exercise when having continuous information of the glucose levels. We evaluated whether patients with type 1 diabetes managed with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) exercised more after initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and whether the improved glycemic control and well-being associated with CGM translates into improved blood lipids and markers of inflammation. Method: The GOLD trial was a randomized cross-over trial over 16 months where patients used either CGM or capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) over six months, with a four-month wash-out period between the two treatment periods. We compared grade of physical activity, blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels during CGM and SMBG. Results: There were 116 patients with information of physical activity estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) during both CGM and SMBG. No changes were found during CGM or SMBG, IPAQ scores 3305 versus 3878 (P =.16). In 136 participants with information of blood lipid levels with no change in lipid-lowering medication during the two treatment periods, HbA1c differed by 4.2 mmol/mol (NGSP 0.39%) between SMBG and CGM treatment (P <.001). No significant changes existed in low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B1, or hsCRP, during CGM and SMBG. Conclusion: Although many patients experience it easier to perform physical activity when monitoring glucose levels with CGM, it does not influence the amount of physical activity in persons with type 1 diabetes. Blood lipids, apolipoprotein, and hsCRP levels were similar during CGM and SMBG.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
blood lipids, continuous glucose monitoring, hypoglycemia, low-grade inflammation, physical activity
in
Journal of diabetes science and technology
volume
18
issue
1
pages
89 - 98
publisher
Diabetes Technology Society
external identifiers
  • pmid:35677967
  • scopus:85131731414
ISSN
1932-2968
DOI
10.1177/19322968221101916
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
25caae02-bd4b-43c2-a3d5-f55a2ac1053b
date added to LUP
2022-09-30 14:00:13
date last changed
2024-04-14 13:38:47
@article{25caae02-bd4b-43c2-a3d5-f55a2ac1053b,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: People with type 1 diabetes generally view it easier to exercise when having continuous information of the glucose levels. We evaluated whether patients with type 1 diabetes managed with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) exercised more after initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and whether the improved glycemic control and well-being associated with CGM translates into improved blood lipids and markers of inflammation. Method: The GOLD trial was a randomized cross-over trial over 16 months where patients used either CGM or capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) over six months, with a four-month wash-out period between the two treatment periods. We compared grade of physical activity, blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels during CGM and SMBG. Results: There were 116 patients with information of physical activity estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) during both CGM and SMBG. No changes were found during CGM or SMBG, IPAQ scores 3305 versus 3878 (P =.16). In 136 participants with information of blood lipid levels with no change in lipid-lowering medication during the two treatment periods, HbA1c differed by 4.2 mmol/mol (NGSP 0.39%) between SMBG and CGM treatment (P &lt;.001). No significant changes existed in low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B1, or hsCRP, during CGM and SMBG. Conclusion: Although many patients experience it easier to perform physical activity when monitoring glucose levels with CGM, it does not influence the amount of physical activity in persons with type 1 diabetes. Blood lipids, apolipoprotein, and hsCRP levels were similar during CGM and SMBG.</p>}},
  author       = {{Nyström, Thomas and Schwarz, Erik and Dahlqvist, Sofia and Wijkman, Magnus and Ekelund, Magnus and Holmer, Helen and Bolinder, Jan and Hellman, Jarl and Imberg, Henrik and Hirsch, Irl B. and Lind, Marcus}},
  issn         = {{1932-2968}},
  keywords     = {{blood lipids; continuous glucose monitoring; hypoglycemia; low-grade inflammation; physical activity}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{89--98}},
  publisher    = {{Diabetes Technology Society}},
  series       = {{Journal of diabetes science and technology}},
  title        = {{Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With MDI : An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8)}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19322968221101916}},
  doi          = {{10.1177/19322968221101916}},
  volume       = {{18}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}