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Extended Anatomical Grading in Diffuse Axonal Injury Using MRI : Hemorrhagic Lesions in the Substantia Nigra and Mesencephalic Tegmentum Indicate Poor Long-Term Outcome

Abu Hamdeh, Sami ; Marklund, Niklas LU orcid ; Lannsjö, Marianne ; Howells, Tim ; Raininko, Raili ; Wikström, Johan and Enblad, Per (2017) In Journal of Neurotrauma 34(2). p.341-352
Abstract

Clinical outcome after traumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is difficult to predict. In this study, three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were used to quantify the anatomical distribution of lesions, to grade DAI according to the Adams grading system, and to evaluate the value of lesion localization in combination with clinical prognostic factors to improve outcome prediction. Thirty patients (mean 31.2 years ±14.3 standard deviation) with severe DAI (Glasgow Motor Score [GMS] <6) examined with MRI within 1 week post-injury were included. Diffusion-weighted (DW), T2*-weighted gradient echo and susceptibility-weighted (SWI) sequences were used. Extended Glasgow outcome score was assessed after 6 months. Number of DW... (More)

Clinical outcome after traumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is difficult to predict. In this study, three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were used to quantify the anatomical distribution of lesions, to grade DAI according to the Adams grading system, and to evaluate the value of lesion localization in combination with clinical prognostic factors to improve outcome prediction. Thirty patients (mean 31.2 years ±14.3 standard deviation) with severe DAI (Glasgow Motor Score [GMS] <6) examined with MRI within 1 week post-injury were included. Diffusion-weighted (DW), T2*-weighted gradient echo and susceptibility-weighted (SWI) sequences were used. Extended Glasgow outcome score was assessed after 6 months. Number of DW lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and internal capsule and number of SWI lesions in the mesencephalon correlated significantly with outcome in univariate analysis. Age, GMS at admission, GMS at discharge, and low proportion of good monitoring time with cerebral perfusion pressure <60 mm Hg correlated significantly with outcome in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed an independent relation with poor outcome for age (p = 0.005) and lesions in the mesencephalic region corresponding to substantia nigra and tegmentum on SWI (p = 0.008). We conclude that higher age and lesions in substantia nigra and mesencephalic tegmentum indicate poor long-term outcome in DAI. We propose an extended MRI classification system based on four stages (stage I-hemispheric lesions, stage II-corpus callosum lesions, stage III-brainstem lesions, and stage IV-substantia nigra or mesencephalic tegmentum lesions); all are subdivided by age (≥/<30 years).

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
in
Journal of Neurotrauma
volume
34
issue
2
pages
12 pages
publisher
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85009073066
  • pmid:27356857
ISSN
1557-9042
DOI
10.1089/neu.2016.4426
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
281b1d88-ea72-4598-9c80-16616264c38a
date added to LUP
2016-12-09 15:50:51
date last changed
2024-06-15 22:38:10
@article{281b1d88-ea72-4598-9c80-16616264c38a,
  abstract     = {{<p>Clinical outcome after traumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is difficult to predict. In this study, three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were used to quantify the anatomical distribution of lesions, to grade DAI according to the Adams grading system, and to evaluate the value of lesion localization in combination with clinical prognostic factors to improve outcome prediction. Thirty patients (mean 31.2 years ±14.3 standard deviation) with severe DAI (Glasgow Motor Score [GMS] &lt;6) examined with MRI within 1 week post-injury were included. Diffusion-weighted (DW), T2*-weighted gradient echo and susceptibility-weighted (SWI) sequences were used. Extended Glasgow outcome score was assessed after 6 months. Number of DW lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and internal capsule and number of SWI lesions in the mesencephalon correlated significantly with outcome in univariate analysis. Age, GMS at admission, GMS at discharge, and low proportion of good monitoring time with cerebral perfusion pressure &lt;60 mm Hg correlated significantly with outcome in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed an independent relation with poor outcome for age (p = 0.005) and lesions in the mesencephalic region corresponding to substantia nigra and tegmentum on SWI (p = 0.008). We conclude that higher age and lesions in substantia nigra and mesencephalic tegmentum indicate poor long-term outcome in DAI. We propose an extended MRI classification system based on four stages (stage I-hemispheric lesions, stage II-corpus callosum lesions, stage III-brainstem lesions, and stage IV-substantia nigra or mesencephalic tegmentum lesions); all are subdivided by age (≥/&lt;30 years).</p>}},
  author       = {{Abu Hamdeh, Sami and Marklund, Niklas and Lannsjö, Marianne and Howells, Tim and Raininko, Raili and Wikström, Johan and Enblad, Per}},
  issn         = {{1557-9042}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{341--352}},
  publisher    = {{Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.}},
  series       = {{Journal of Neurotrauma}},
  title        = {{Extended Anatomical Grading in Diffuse Axonal Injury Using MRI : Hemorrhagic Lesions in the Substantia Nigra and Mesencephalic Tegmentum Indicate Poor Long-Term Outcome}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4426}},
  doi          = {{10.1089/neu.2016.4426}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}