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Associations of continuous glucose monitor derived time in range and glycaemic variability with diet lifestyle and demographics

Bermingham, Kate M. ; Smith, Harry A. ; Duncan, Emma L. ; Gonzalez, Javier T. ; Valdes, Ana M. ; Franks, Paul W. LU ; Delahanty, Linda ; Dashti, Hassan S. ; Davies, Richard and Hadjigeorgiou, George , et al. (2026) In Nature Communications 17(1).
Abstract

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) provide detailed glucose profiles, but their relevance to health outcomes in individuals without diabetes remains unclear. Here we assess time in range (TIR3.9–5.6 and TITR3.9-7.8) and glycaemic variability in individuals (N = 3,634; age 46 ± 12 y; 83% female; BMI 27 ± 6 kg/m²) from PREDICT 1 (NCT03479866), PREDICT 2 (NCT03983733), and PREDICT 3 (NCT04735835) without diabetes or prediabetes, and explore associations with demographic, diet, lifestyle, cardiometabolic markers, and predicted cardiovascular risk. Outcomes are non-pre-defined exploratory analyses. Higher TIR3.9–5.6 is associated with lower HbA1c, OGTT glucose, carbohydrate intake, and higher protein intake.... (More)

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) provide detailed glucose profiles, but their relevance to health outcomes in individuals without diabetes remains unclear. Here we assess time in range (TIR3.9–5.6 and TITR3.9-7.8) and glycaemic variability in individuals (N = 3,634; age 46 ± 12 y; 83% female; BMI 27 ± 6 kg/m²) from PREDICT 1 (NCT03479866), PREDICT 2 (NCT03983733), and PREDICT 3 (NCT04735835) without diabetes or prediabetes, and explore associations with demographic, diet, lifestyle, cardiometabolic markers, and predicted cardiovascular risk. Outcomes are non-pre-defined exploratory analyses. Higher TIR3.9–5.6 is associated with lower HbA1c, OGTT glucose, carbohydrate intake, and higher protein intake. Sleep duration is inversely correlated with mean glucose. TIR3.9–5.6 provided moderate discrimination for predicted ASCVD 10-year risk (AUC = 0.75). While CGM metrics show potential to capture some components of glycaemic physiology, longer-term health outcomes are required to demonstrate whether CGM monitoring has utility for health management in euglycaemic individuals.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Nature Communications
volume
17
issue
1
article number
4496
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • pmid:41896538
  • scopus:105039585133
ISSN
2041-1723
DOI
10.1038/s41467-026-70308-3
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
2f62487c-2b37-4383-b7e5-e2f68dccc2a8
date added to LUP
2026-08-24 14:55:42
date last changed
2026-08-25 03:00:04
@article{2f62487c-2b37-4383-b7e5-e2f68dccc2a8,
  abstract     = {{<p>Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) provide detailed glucose profiles, but their relevance to health outcomes in individuals without diabetes remains unclear. Here we assess time in range (TIR<sub>3.9–5.6</sub> and TITR<sub>3.9-7.8</sub>) and glycaemic variability in individuals (N = 3,634; age 46 ± 12 y; 83% female; BMI 27 ± 6 kg/m²) from PREDICT 1 (NCT03479866), PREDICT 2 (NCT03983733), and PREDICT 3 (NCT04735835) without diabetes or prediabetes, and explore associations with demographic, diet, lifestyle, cardiometabolic markers, and predicted cardiovascular risk. Outcomes are non-pre-defined exploratory analyses. Higher TIR<sub>3.9–5.6</sub> is associated with lower HbA1c, OGTT glucose, carbohydrate intake, and higher protein intake. Sleep duration is inversely correlated with mean glucose. TIR<sub>3.9–5.6</sub> provided moderate discrimination for predicted ASCVD 10-year risk (AUC = 0.75). While CGM metrics show potential to capture some components of glycaemic physiology, longer-term health outcomes are required to demonstrate whether CGM monitoring has utility for health management in euglycaemic individuals.</p>}},
  author       = {{Bermingham, Kate M. and Smith, Harry A. and Duncan, Emma L. and Gonzalez, Javier T. and Valdes, Ana M. and Franks, Paul W. and Delahanty, Linda and Dashti, Hassan S. and Davies, Richard and Hadjigeorgiou, George and Wolf, Jonathan and Chan, Andrew T. and Spector, Tim D. and Berry, Sarah E.}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Nature Communications}},
  title        = {{Associations of continuous glucose monitor derived time in range and glycaemic variability with diet lifestyle and demographics}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70308-3}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41467-026-70308-3}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}