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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reference values of mitral and tricuspid annular dimensions : the UK Biobank cohort

Ricci, Fabrizio LU ; Aung, Nay ; Gallina, Sabina ; Zemrak, Filip ; Fung, Kenneth ; Bisaccia, Giandomenico ; Paiva, Jose Miguel ; Khanji, Mohammed Y. ; Mantini, Cesare and Palermi, Stefano , et al. (2021) In Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 23(1).
Abstract

Background: Mitral valve (MV) and tricuspid valve (TV) apparatus geometry are essential to define mechanisms and etiologies of regurgitation and to inform surgical or transcatheter interventions. Given the increasing use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the evaluation of valvular heart disease, we aimed to establish CMR-derived age- and sex-specific reference values for mitral annular (MA) and tricuspid annular (TA) dimensions and tethering indices derived from truly healthy Caucasian adults. Methods: 5065 consecutive UK Biobank participants underwent CMR using cine balanced steady-state free precession imaging at 1.5 T. Participants with non-Caucasian ethnicity, prevalent cardiovascular disease and other conditions known... (More)

Background: Mitral valve (MV) and tricuspid valve (TV) apparatus geometry are essential to define mechanisms and etiologies of regurgitation and to inform surgical or transcatheter interventions. Given the increasing use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the evaluation of valvular heart disease, we aimed to establish CMR-derived age- and sex-specific reference values for mitral annular (MA) and tricuspid annular (TA) dimensions and tethering indices derived from truly healthy Caucasian adults. Methods: 5065 consecutive UK Biobank participants underwent CMR using cine balanced steady-state free precession imaging at 1.5 T. Participants with non-Caucasian ethnicity, prevalent cardiovascular disease and other conditions known to affect cardiac chamber size and function were excluded. Absolute and indexed reference ranges for MA and TA diameters and tethering indices were stratified by gender and age (45–54, 55–64, 65–74 years). Results: Overall, 721 (14.2%) truly healthy participants aged 45–74 years (54% women) formed the reference cohort. Absolute MA and TA diameters, MV tenting length and MV tenting area, were significantly larger in men. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) end-diastolic and end-systolic MA diameters in the 3-chamber view (anteroposterior diameter) were 2.9 ± 0.4 cm (1.5 ± 0.2 cm/m2) and 3.3 ± 0.4 cm (1.7 ± 0.2 cm/m2) in men, and 2.6 ± 0.4 cm (1.6 ± 0.2 cm/m2) and 3.0 ± 0.4 cm (1.8 ± 0.2 cm/m2) in women, respectively. Mean ± SD end-diastolic and end-systolic TA diameters in the 4-chamber view were 3.2 ± 0.5 cm (1.6 ± 0.3 cm/m2) and 3.2 ± 0.5 cm (1.7 ± 0.3 cm/m2) in men, and 2.9 ± 0.4 cm (1.7 ± 0.2 cm/m2) and 2.8 ± 0.4 cm (1.7 ± 0.3 cm/m2) in women, respectively. With advancing age, end-diastolic TA diameter became larger and posterior MV leaflet angle smaller in both sexes. Reproducibility of measurements was good to excellent with an inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.92 and 0.98 and an intra-rater ICC between 0.90 and 0.97. Conclusions: We described age- and sex-specific reference ranges of MA and TA dimensions and tethering indices in the largest validated healthy Caucasian population. Reference ranges presented in this study may help to improve the distinction between normal and pathological states, prompting the identification of subjects that may benefit from advanced cardiac imaging for annular sizing and planning of valvular interventions.

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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Annulus, Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, Mitral valve, Reference values, Tenting area, Tethering, Tricuspid valve
in
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
volume
23
issue
1
article number
5
publisher
BioMed Central (BMC)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85098787189
  • pmid:33407573
ISSN
1097-6647
DOI
10.1186/s12968-020-00688-y
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
32ba906b-eb8f-4d3d-b4c8-e9cc9afa9274
date added to LUP
2021-01-12 11:58:45
date last changed
2024-06-14 07:13:27
@article{32ba906b-eb8f-4d3d-b4c8-e9cc9afa9274,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Mitral valve (MV) and tricuspid valve (TV) apparatus geometry are essential to define mechanisms and etiologies of regurgitation and to inform surgical or transcatheter interventions. Given the increasing use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the evaluation of valvular heart disease, we aimed to establish CMR-derived age- and sex-specific reference values for mitral annular (MA) and tricuspid annular (TA) dimensions and tethering indices derived from truly healthy Caucasian adults. Methods: 5065 consecutive UK Biobank participants underwent CMR using cine balanced steady-state free precession imaging at 1.5 T. Participants with non-Caucasian ethnicity, prevalent cardiovascular disease and other conditions known to affect cardiac chamber size and function were excluded. Absolute and indexed reference ranges for MA and TA diameters and tethering indices were stratified by gender and age (45–54, 55–64, 65–74 years). Results: Overall, 721 (14.2%) truly healthy participants aged 45–74 years (54% women) formed the reference cohort. Absolute MA and TA diameters, MV tenting length and MV tenting area, were significantly larger in men. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) end-diastolic and end-systolic MA diameters in the 3-chamber view (anteroposterior diameter) were 2.9 ± 0.4 cm (1.5 ± 0.2 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) and 3.3 ± 0.4 cm (1.7 ± 0.2 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) in men, and 2.6 ± 0.4 cm (1.6 ± 0.2 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) and 3.0 ± 0.4 cm (1.8 ± 0.2 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) in women, respectively. Mean ± SD end-diastolic and end-systolic TA diameters in the 4-chamber view were 3.2 ± 0.5 cm (1.6 ± 0.3 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) and 3.2 ± 0.5 cm (1.7 ± 0.3 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) in men, and 2.9 ± 0.4 cm (1.7 ± 0.2 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) and 2.8 ± 0.4 cm (1.7 ± 0.3 cm/m<sup>2</sup>) in women, respectively. With advancing age, end-diastolic TA diameter became larger and posterior MV leaflet angle smaller in both sexes. Reproducibility of measurements was good to excellent with an inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between 0.92 and 0.98 and an intra-rater ICC between 0.90 and 0.97. Conclusions: We described age- and sex-specific reference ranges of MA and TA dimensions and tethering indices in the largest validated healthy Caucasian population. Reference ranges presented in this study may help to improve the distinction between normal and pathological states, prompting the identification of subjects that may benefit from advanced cardiac imaging for annular sizing and planning of valvular interventions.</p>}},
  author       = {{Ricci, Fabrizio and Aung, Nay and Gallina, Sabina and Zemrak, Filip and Fung, Kenneth and Bisaccia, Giandomenico and Paiva, Jose Miguel and Khanji, Mohammed Y. and Mantini, Cesare and Palermi, Stefano and Lee, Aaron M. and Piechnik, Stefan K. and Neubauer, Stefan and Petersen, Steffen E.}},
  issn         = {{1097-6647}},
  keywords     = {{Annulus; Cardiovascular magnetic resonance; Mitral valve; Reference values; Tenting area; Tethering; Tricuspid valve}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{BioMed Central (BMC)}},
  series       = {{Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance}},
  title        = {{Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reference values of mitral and tricuspid annular dimensions : the UK Biobank cohort}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12968-020-00688-y}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/s12968-020-00688-y}},
  volume       = {{23}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}