Fruits of Capitalism, Modernisation of Chilean Agriculture 1950-2000
(2004)- Abstract
- The so-called Chilean economic miracle during the 1980s and 1990s connotes not only high-speed economic growth but also a profound structural transformation of the Chilean economy. Most previous research ascribes growth and transformation to the liberalisation of markets and other neo-liberal policy instruments introduced after 1974. Policies, before as well as after 1974, have indeed been important for creating preconditions for growth and transformation. However, in the present study it is argued that by overemphasising the role of polices one may partly disregard the historical process by which capitalist forms of organisation have gained momentum in the productive system as new technologies worked have their way into the agricultural... (More)
- The so-called Chilean economic miracle during the 1980s and 1990s connotes not only high-speed economic growth but also a profound structural transformation of the Chilean economy. Most previous research ascribes growth and transformation to the liberalisation of markets and other neo-liberal policy instruments introduced after 1974. Policies, before as well as after 1974, have indeed been important for creating preconditions for growth and transformation. However, in the present study it is argued that by overemphasising the role of polices one may partly disregard the historical process by which capitalist forms of organisation have gained momentum in the productive system as new technologies worked have their way into the agricultural sector. In this study, the dynamics of the transformation of Chilean agriculture are analysed by using the methodological tools offered by the Dahménian theory of Development Blocks. Empirically the study delves into three different sub-sectors (wine, fruit and milk) with the purpose to portray the transformation of both export agriculture and traditional agriculture. The study focused technical renewal as a key part of the modernisation process. The main conclusion of the study is that the modernisation of Chilean agriculture was caused by the transformation pressure emanating from the market. However, the selective institutions that paved the way for the successful entry of capitalism in Chilean agriculture were ironically mainly created under the land reforms during the structuralist and socialist periods of the 1960s and early 1970s. (Less)
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Popular Abstract in Swedish
Det så kallade Chilenska ekonomiska undret under 1980- och 1990-talet är resultatet av en omfattande strukturförändring av den Chilenska ekonomin. I denna omvandling har jordbrukets modernisering och kapitalisering spelat en mycket viktig roll.Huvudfåran i den akademiska debatten har hittills huvudsakligen förklarat omvandlingen genom tillämpning av olika policy instrument, vilka sägs ha lett till skapandet av en ny entreprenörsklass. Statens roll erkänns även här, då den lagt en institutionell grund för omvandlingen, men en sådan förklaring belyser inte hur omvandlingen har gått till. I denna avhandling har fokuset istället lagts på den historiska process genom vilken kapitalismen som... (More) - Popular Abstract in Swedish
Det så kallade Chilenska ekonomiska undret under 1980- och 1990-talet är resultatet av en omfattande strukturförändring av den Chilenska ekonomin. I denna omvandling har jordbrukets modernisering och kapitalisering spelat en mycket viktig roll.Huvudfåran i den akademiska debatten har hittills huvudsakligen förklarat omvandlingen genom tillämpning av olika policy instrument, vilka sägs ha lett till skapandet av en ny entreprenörsklass. Statens roll erkänns även här, då den lagt en institutionell grund för omvandlingen, men en sådan förklaring belyser inte hur omvandlingen har gått till. I denna avhandling har fokuset istället lagts på den historiska process genom vilken kapitalismen som produktionssystem slagit igenom i jordbrukssektorn. Genom ett omfattande empiriskt arbete har omvandlingsdynamiken analyserats och tolkats med stöd av de teoretiska verktyg som återfinns i Erik Dahméns teori om Utvecklingsblock. Då omvandlingstryck som leder till teknisk förnyelse på företagsnivå är en av teorins viktigaste redskap för att nå slutsatser om hur omvandlingen har gått till, har forskningsinsatserna koncentretats kring dessa begrepp. Den övergripande forskningsfrågan har varit: Hur har omvandlingen gått till? Svaret på denna fråga är att medan staten bidrog genom skapandet av en institutionell ram där den viktigaste förändringen är liberaliseringen av ekonomin, så är det marknadsutvidningen i Nordamerika och senare också tillkomsten av nya marknader genom Post-Fordistiska globala distributionsstrukturer som gett de viktigaste impulserna för utvecklingen av exportjordbruket. Även produktionen för hemmamarknaden har i samma omfattning omvandlats då den lokala bonden tvingats att konkurrera med världsmarknaden på hemmaplan. Icke oväntat har denna studie inte bara återfört marknadens roll i debatten om den Chilenska ekonomin, den har också aktualiserat den internationella handelns betydelse i alla sina dimensioner för en liten ekonomi som den Chilenska. Medan marknaden här ses som den viktigaste kraften bakom den strukturella omvandlingen, så är det onekligen en historisk ironi att det var strukturalismen och framför allt socialismen som förmådde riva upp gamla institutioner, vilket möjliggjorde kapitalismens framgångsrika intåg. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/21514
- author
- Rytkönen, Paulina LU
- supervisor
- opponent
-
- Professor Jonsson, Ulf
- organization
- publishing date
- 2004
- type
- Thesis
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Lantbruksvetenskap, Agronomics, Technical renewal, Capitalism, Chile, Agriculture, agronomi, Agricultural economics, Lantbruksekonomi
- pages
- 227 pages
- publisher
- Almqvist & Wiksell International
- defense location
- Crafoordssalen, Ekonomihögskolan
- defense date
- 2004-09-25 10:15:00
- ISBN
- 91-22-02094-2
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 3585d729-4266-4ea7-8259-772eb3faae14 (old id 21514)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 17:00:33
- date last changed
- 2018-11-21 20:45:52
@phdthesis{3585d729-4266-4ea7-8259-772eb3faae14,
abstract = {{The so-called Chilean economic miracle during the 1980s and 1990s connotes not only high-speed economic growth but also a profound structural transformation of the Chilean economy. Most previous research ascribes growth and transformation to the liberalisation of markets and other neo-liberal policy instruments introduced after 1974. Policies, before as well as after 1974, have indeed been important for creating preconditions for growth and transformation. However, in the present study it is argued that by overemphasising the role of polices one may partly disregard the historical process by which capitalist forms of organisation have gained momentum in the productive system as new technologies worked have their way into the agricultural sector. In this study, the dynamics of the transformation of Chilean agriculture are analysed by using the methodological tools offered by the Dahménian theory of Development Blocks. Empirically the study delves into three different sub-sectors (wine, fruit and milk) with the purpose to portray the transformation of both export agriculture and traditional agriculture. The study focused technical renewal as a key part of the modernisation process. The main conclusion of the study is that the modernisation of Chilean agriculture was caused by the transformation pressure emanating from the market. However, the selective institutions that paved the way for the successful entry of capitalism in Chilean agriculture were ironically mainly created under the land reforms during the structuralist and socialist periods of the 1960s and early 1970s.}},
author = {{Rytkönen, Paulina}},
isbn = {{91-22-02094-2}},
keywords = {{Lantbruksvetenskap; Agronomics; Technical renewal; Capitalism; Chile; Agriculture; agronomi; Agricultural economics; Lantbruksekonomi}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Almqvist & Wiksell International}},
school = {{Lund University}},
title = {{Fruits of Capitalism, Modernisation of Chilean Agriculture 1950-2000}},
year = {{2004}},
}