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Eating patterns in relation to anthropometrics and blood pressure among adults with overweight and obesity – a cross-sectional study

Siurua, Elin ; Alle, Kjell Åke ; Bergenholtz, Mari ; Lendahls, Lena and Holmberg, Sara LU (2025) In Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 130.
Abstract

Background: This study aimed to describe eating patterns among individuals with overweight and obesity and to investigate associations between eating patterns and anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and blood pressure. Methods: This study enrolled a cohort of adults with overweight or obesity (n = 176) participating in a clinical trial focused on weight reduction. Self-reported eating patterns were assessed as part of the trial’s baseline survey. Trained study nurses conducted measurements of anthropometric indicators and blood pressure. To examine associations, statistical analyses included the application of the Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher’s exact test, the chi-squared test, and linear... (More)

Background: This study aimed to describe eating patterns among individuals with overweight and obesity and to investigate associations between eating patterns and anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and blood pressure. Methods: This study enrolled a cohort of adults with overweight or obesity (n = 176) participating in a clinical trial focused on weight reduction. Self-reported eating patterns were assessed as part of the trial’s baseline survey. Trained study nurses conducted measurements of anthropometric indicators and blood pressure. To examine associations, statistical analyses included the application of the Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher’s exact test, the chi-squared test, and linear regression models as appropriate. Results: The median age of the participants was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR] 12), 79% were female, and the median BMI was 33 kg/m2 (IQR 5). The predominant eating pattern identified was characterized by five meals per day, including breakfast, two prepared meals, and two snacks. Among older participants (≥ 55 years), 51% reported eating two prepared meals per day as compared to 75% among the younger (P < 0.05). A higher percentage of older participants reported consuming more than one snack per day (82% vs. 68%, P = 0.04). Additionally, older participants were more likely to rate their eating habits as ‘good’ compared to their younger counterparts (64% vs. 52%, P = 0.03). Women reported a higher number of eating occasions than men (> 3/day: 93% vs. 78%, P = 0.01) and a higher frequency of snacks (> 1 snack/day: 79% vs. 61%, P = 0.03). No significant associations between the number of eating occasions or number of snacks and BMI, waist circumference, or blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) were found in regression models when age and sex were considered. Conclusions: Varying eating patterns were observed among adults with overweight and obesity according to age and sex. No association between eating patterns and anthropometric measures or blood pressure independent of age and sex was found.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
body mass index, Eating habits, food intake, hypertension, meals, waist circumference, weight
in
Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences
volume
130
article number
e12227
publisher
Upsala Medical Society
external identifiers
  • scopus:105011330075
  • pmid:40761636
ISSN
0300-9734
DOI
10.48101/ujms.v130.12227
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s).
id
35f3b1cf-97ed-45b4-844d-ede9324e5a6e
date added to LUP
2026-01-20 16:26:28
date last changed
2026-02-03 17:41:26
@article{35f3b1cf-97ed-45b4-844d-ede9324e5a6e,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: This study aimed to describe eating patterns among individuals with overweight and obesity and to investigate associations between eating patterns and anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and blood pressure. Methods: This study enrolled a cohort of adults with overweight or obesity (n = 176) participating in a clinical trial focused on weight reduction. Self-reported eating patterns were assessed as part of the trial’s baseline survey. Trained study nurses conducted measurements of anthropometric indicators and blood pressure. To examine associations, statistical analyses included the application of the Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher’s exact test, the chi-squared test, and linear regression models as appropriate. Results: The median age of the participants was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR] 12), 79% were female, and the median BMI was 33 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (IQR 5). The predominant eating pattern identified was characterized by five meals per day, including breakfast, two prepared meals, and two snacks. Among older participants (≥ 55 years), 51% reported eating two prepared meals per day as compared to 75% among the younger (P &lt; 0.05). A higher percentage of older participants reported consuming more than one snack per day (82% vs. 68%, P = 0.04). Additionally, older participants were more likely to rate their eating habits as ‘good’ compared to their younger counterparts (64% vs. 52%, P = 0.03). Women reported a higher number of eating occasions than men (&gt; 3/day: 93% vs. 78%, P = 0.01) and a higher frequency of snacks (&gt; 1 snack/day: 79% vs. 61%, P = 0.03). No significant associations between the number of eating occasions or number of snacks and BMI, waist circumference, or blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) were found in regression models when age and sex were considered. Conclusions: Varying eating patterns were observed among adults with overweight and obesity according to age and sex. No association between eating patterns and anthropometric measures or blood pressure independent of age and sex was found.</p>}},
  author       = {{Siurua, Elin and Alle, Kjell Åke and Bergenholtz, Mari and Lendahls, Lena and Holmberg, Sara}},
  issn         = {{0300-9734}},
  keywords     = {{body mass index; Eating habits; food intake; hypertension; meals; waist circumference; weight}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{07}},
  publisher    = {{Upsala Medical Society}},
  series       = {{Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences}},
  title        = {{Eating patterns in relation to anthropometrics and blood pressure among adults with overweight and obesity – a cross-sectional study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v130.12227}},
  doi          = {{10.48101/ujms.v130.12227}},
  volume       = {{130}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}