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Risk of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after primary non-muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer : A nationwide population-based cohort study

Häggström, Christel ; Hagberg, Oskar LU ; Holmberg, Lars ; Hosseini, Abolfazl ; Jerlström, Tomas ; Ströck, Viveka ; Söderkvist, Karin ; Ullén, Anders ; Liedberg, Fredrik LU and Jahnson, Staffan , et al. (2025) In BJUI Compass 6(5).
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the risk of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), in relation to the primary NMIBC tumour risk categories, calendar time trends and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment. Patient and methods: All patients with primary NMIBC diagnosed 1997–2019 registered in Bladder Cancer Data base Sweden (BladderBaSe) 2.0 were included in the study. Risk of UTUC was calculated by cumulative incidence proportion using competing risk analysis. Associations with risk of UTUC by tumour stage category, calendar time, and intravesical BCG treatment was estimated by hazard ratios from multivariable Cox regression analyses. Results: Of 36 038 NMIBC... (More)

Objectives: To investigate the risk of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), in relation to the primary NMIBC tumour risk categories, calendar time trends and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment. Patient and methods: All patients with primary NMIBC diagnosed 1997–2019 registered in Bladder Cancer Data base Sweden (BladderBaSe) 2.0 were included in the study. Risk of UTUC was calculated by cumulative incidence proportion using competing risk analysis. Associations with risk of UTUC by tumour stage category, calendar time, and intravesical BCG treatment was estimated by hazard ratios from multivariable Cox regression analyses. Results: Of 36 038 NMIBC patients, 537 (1.5%) were diagnosed with UTUC during a mean time of 7 years in follow-up. The risk of UTUC within 10 years from NMIBC diagnosis was 1.7% (95% 1.6–1.9) with highest estimates for TaG3/CIS. Stage T1 and TaG3/CIS, as compared with TaG1–2 was associated to risk, with stronger associations during later calendar times. Within high-risk NMIBC patients (CIS/TaG3/T1), intravesical BCG treatment was associated with higher risk of UTUC. Conclusions: This large study of more than 36 000 patients with NMIBC found 1.7% (95% 1.6–1.9) risk of UTUC within 10 years of diagnosis. Differences by tumour stage category indicate the need for refined studies accounting for tumour characteristics, location in the bladder and given treatment to optimise follow-up routines in NMIBC.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
cohort study, epidemiology, register-based, surveillance, upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, urinary bladder cancer
in
BJUI Compass
volume
6
issue
5
article number
e70021
publisher
John Wiley & Sons Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:105004438733
  • pmid:40329969
DOI
10.1002/bco2.70021
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). BJUI Compass published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International Company.
id
3c9454c0-31ce-46c5-8176-b01323871288
date added to LUP
2025-08-11 13:18:57
date last changed
2025-08-12 03:00:08
@article{3c9454c0-31ce-46c5-8176-b01323871288,
  abstract     = {{<p>Objectives: To investigate the risk of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), in relation to the primary NMIBC tumour risk categories, calendar time trends and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment. Patient and methods: All patients with primary NMIBC diagnosed 1997–2019 registered in Bladder Cancer Data base Sweden (BladderBaSe) 2.0 were included in the study. Risk of UTUC was calculated by cumulative incidence proportion using competing risk analysis. Associations with risk of UTUC by tumour stage category, calendar time, and intravesical BCG treatment was estimated by hazard ratios from multivariable Cox regression analyses. Results: Of 36 038 NMIBC patients, 537 (1.5%) were diagnosed with UTUC during a mean time of 7 years in follow-up. The risk of UTUC within 10 years from NMIBC diagnosis was 1.7% (95% 1.6–1.9) with highest estimates for TaG3/CIS. Stage T1 and TaG3/CIS, as compared with TaG1–2 was associated to risk, with stronger associations during later calendar times. Within high-risk NMIBC patients (CIS/TaG3/T1), intravesical BCG treatment was associated with higher risk of UTUC. Conclusions: This large study of more than 36 000 patients with NMIBC found 1.7% (95% 1.6–1.9) risk of UTUC within 10 years of diagnosis. Differences by tumour stage category indicate the need for refined studies accounting for tumour characteristics, location in the bladder and given treatment to optimise follow-up routines in NMIBC.</p>}},
  author       = {{Häggström, Christel and Hagberg, Oskar and Holmberg, Lars and Hosseini, Abolfazl and Jerlström, Tomas and Ströck, Viveka and Söderkvist, Karin and Ullén, Anders and Liedberg, Fredrik and Jahnson, Staffan and Aljabery, Firas}},
  keywords     = {{cohort study; epidemiology; register-based; surveillance; upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma; urinary bladder cancer}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  publisher    = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}},
  series       = {{BJUI Compass}},
  title        = {{Risk of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after primary non-muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer : A nationwide population-based cohort study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bco2.70021}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/bco2.70021}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}