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Degrees of Freedom for Radiating Systems

Gustafsson, Mats LU orcid (2025) In IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 73(2). p.1028-1038
Abstract

Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl's law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared... (More)

Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl's law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared wavelengths asymptotically as the wavelength decreases.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Antenna theory, capacity, computational electromagnetics, degrees of freedom, electromagnetic theory, inverse source problems, radiation modes
in
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
volume
73
issue
2
pages
11 pages
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85214839688
ISSN
0018-926X
DOI
10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2024 IEEE.
id
40b9c48b-3784-42d5-93a3-6e5208df341c
date added to LUP
2025-03-14 14:37:39
date last changed
2025-06-06 22:02:15
@article{40b9c48b-3784-42d5-93a3-6e5208df341c,
  abstract     = {{<p>Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl's law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared wavelengths asymptotically as the wavelength decreases.</p>}},
  author       = {{Gustafsson, Mats}},
  issn         = {{0018-926X}},
  keywords     = {{Antenna theory; capacity; computational electromagnetics; degrees of freedom; electromagnetic theory; inverse source problems; radiation modes}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{1028--1038}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}},
  title        = {{Degrees of Freedom for Radiating Systems}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437}},
  volume       = {{73}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}