Degrees of Freedom for Radiating Systems
(2025) In IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 73(2). p.1028-1038- Abstract
Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl's law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared... (More)
Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl's law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared wavelengths asymptotically as the wavelength decreases.
(Less)
- author
- Gustafsson, Mats
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2025
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Antenna theory, capacity, computational electromagnetics, degrees of freedom, electromagnetic theory, inverse source problems, radiation modes
- in
- IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
- volume
- 73
- issue
- 2
- pages
- 11 pages
- publisher
- IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85214839688
- ISSN
- 0018-926X
- DOI
- 10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- Publisher Copyright: © 2024 IEEE.
- id
- 40b9c48b-3784-42d5-93a3-6e5208df341c
- date added to LUP
- 2025-03-14 14:37:39
- date last changed
- 2025-06-06 22:02:15
@article{40b9c48b-3784-42d5-93a3-6e5208df341c, abstract = {{<p>Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl's law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared wavelengths asymptotically as the wavelength decreases.</p>}}, author = {{Gustafsson, Mats}}, issn = {{0018-926X}}, keywords = {{Antenna theory; capacity; computational electromagnetics; degrees of freedom; electromagnetic theory; inverse source problems; radiation modes}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{1028--1038}}, publisher = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}}, series = {{IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation}}, title = {{Degrees of Freedom for Radiating Systems}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437}}, doi = {{10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437}}, volume = {{73}}, year = {{2025}}, }