On the effectiveness of aerosol extinguishing agents for battery vent gases and hydrogen
Subash, Arman Ahamed LU ; Nilsson, Elna J. K. LU
and Runefors, Marcus
LU
(2025)
In Fire Technology
- Abstract
- It is well known that Lithium-ion batteries in thermal runaway can emit gases with high hydrogen concentrations which, in case of delayed ignition, can cause a gas explosion. Aerosol suppression agents are sometimes used to suppress fires and/or prevent ignition of released gases in such situations. The agent has been studied for suppression of fires (diffusion flames), but less is known about the ability of such aerosols to inert highly reactive gas mixtures. In this paper, a commercially available aerosol suppression agent is mixed with a highly reactive gas mixture representing the gas composition from an NCA battery in thermal runaway as well as with pure hydrogen, and the effect on burning velocity is assessed based on OH-PLIF... (More)
- It is well known that Lithium-ion batteries in thermal runaway can emit gases with high hydrogen concentrations which, in case of delayed ignition, can cause a gas explosion. Aerosol suppression agents are sometimes used to suppress fires and/or prevent ignition of released gases in such situations. The agent has been studied for suppression of fires (diffusion flames), but less is known about the ability of such aerosols to inert highly reactive gas mixtures. In this paper, a commercially available aerosol suppression agent is mixed with a highly reactive gas mixture representing the gas composition from an NCA battery in thermal runaway as well as with pure hydrogen, and the effect on burning velocity is assessed based on OH-PLIF measurements on a Bunsen-burner type setup. The experiments were complemented by 1D flame simulations using a detailed chemical kinetics scheme including relevant combustible gases and the suppression agent. The results show that, although the agent is highly effective in gaseous form, evaporation of aerosols in the pre-flame-zone is prevented by the lower radiative fraction and results in higher burning velocity of hydrogen-rich mixtures. The local cooling induced by the evaporation of the aerosol in the flame leads to an increased flame area and thereby total burning velocity. This effect is further exaggerated by the preferential diffusion of hydrogen. Therefore, modification of the system is needed before applying for this purpose. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/41858736-de47-4798-844a-ac817cc30a3f
- author
- Subash, Arman Ahamed
LU
; Nilsson, Elna J. K.
LU
and Runefors, Marcus
LU
- organization
-
- Combustion Physics
- LTH Profile Area: The Energy Transition
- LTH Profile Area: Photon Science and Technology
- LU Profile Area: Light and Materials
- School of Aviation
- LTH Profile Area: Aerosols
- CESTAP: Competence cEntre in Sustainable Turbine fuels for Aviation and Power
- Division of Fire Safety Engineering
- publishing date
- 2025-01-16
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Aerosols, Fire suppression, xtinguishing efficiency, Extinguishing, BESS energy storage, Lithium-ion batteries, Dipotassium carbonate, K2 CO3
- in
- Fire Technology
- pages
- 22 pages
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85217383396
- ISSN
- 0015-2684
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10694-024-01691-w
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 41858736-de47-4798-844a-ac817cc30a3f
- date added to LUP
- 2025-03-18 11:49:42
- date last changed
- 2025-04-04 14:39:11
@article{41858736-de47-4798-844a-ac817cc30a3f,
abstract = {{It is well known that Lithium-ion batteries in thermal runaway can emit gases with high hydrogen concentrations which, in case of delayed ignition, can cause a gas explosion. Aerosol suppression agents are sometimes used to suppress fires and/or prevent ignition of released gases in such situations. The agent has been studied for suppression of fires (diffusion flames), but less is known about the ability of such aerosols to inert highly reactive gas mixtures. In this paper, a commercially available aerosol suppression agent is mixed with a highly reactive gas mixture representing the gas composition from an NCA battery in thermal runaway as well as with pure hydrogen, and the effect on burning velocity is assessed based on OH-PLIF measurements on a Bunsen-burner type setup. The experiments were complemented by 1D flame simulations using a detailed chemical kinetics scheme including relevant combustible gases and the suppression agent. The results show that, although the agent is highly effective in gaseous form, evaporation of aerosols in the pre-flame-zone is prevented by the lower radiative fraction and results in higher burning velocity of hydrogen-rich mixtures. The local cooling induced by the evaporation of the aerosol in the flame leads to an increased flame area and thereby total burning velocity. This effect is further exaggerated by the preferential diffusion of hydrogen. Therefore, modification of the system is needed before applying for this purpose.}},
author = {{Subash, Arman Ahamed and Nilsson, Elna J. K. and Runefors, Marcus}},
issn = {{0015-2684}},
keywords = {{Aerosols; Fire suppression; xtinguishing efficiency; Extinguishing; BESS energy storage; Lithium-ion batteries; Dipotassium carbonate; K2 CO3}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{01}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{Fire Technology}},
title = {{On the effectiveness of aerosol extinguishing agents for battery vent gases and hydrogen}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01691-w}},
doi = {{10.1007/s10694-024-01691-w}},
year = {{2025}},
}