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A South Atlantic island record uncovers shifts in westerlies and hydroclimate during the last glacial

Björck, Svante LU ; Sjolte, Jesper LU orcid ; Ljung, Karl LU orcid ; Adolphi, Florian LU ; Flower, Roger ; Smittenberg, Rienk H. ; Kylander, Malin E. ; Stocker, Thomas F. ; Holmgren, Sofia LU and Jiang, Hui , et al. (2019) In Climate of the Past 15(6). p.1939-1958
Abstract

Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean ventilation and atmospheric <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> levels. However, many uncertainties regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4-18.6&thinsp;kyr old lake sediment sequence on... (More)

Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean ventilation and atmospheric <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> levels. However, many uncertainties regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4-18.6&thinsp;kyr old lake sediment sequence on Nightingale Island (NI). It is strategically located at 37<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">ĝF</span>&thinsp;S in the central South Atlantic (SA) within the SHW belt and situated just north of the marine Subtropical Front (SF). This has enabled us to assess hydroclimate changes and their link to the regional climate development as well as to large-scale climate events in polar ice cores. The NI record exhibits a continuous impact of the SHW, recording shifts in both position and strength, and between 36 and 31&thinsp;ka the westerlies show high latitudinal and strength-wise variability possibly linked to the bipolar seesaw. This was followed by 4&thinsp;kyr of slightly falling temperatures, decreasing humidity and fairly southerly westerlies. After 27&thinsp;ka temperatures decreased 3-4&thinsp;<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">ĝ</span>C, marking the largest hydroclimate change with drier conditions and a variable SHW position. We note that periods with more intense and southerly-positioned SHW seem to be related to periods of increased <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2</span> outgassing from the ocean, while changes in the cross-equatorial gradient during large northern temperature changes appear as the driving mechanism for the SHW shifts. Together with coeval shifts of the South Pacific westerlies, our results show that most of the Southern Hemisphere experienced simultaneous atmospheric circulation changes during the latter part of the last glacial. Finally we can conclude that multiproxy lake records from oceanic islands have the potential to record atmospheric variability coupled to large-scale climate shifts over vast oceanic areas..

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Climate of the Past
volume
15
issue
6
pages
20 pages
publisher
Copernicus GmbH
external identifiers
  • scopus:85075163062
ISSN
1814-9324
DOI
10.5194/cp-15-1939-2019
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
433be16e-f4a8-43af-b4a5-4fe233f2a32f
date added to LUP
2019-11-28 14:53:15
date last changed
2023-04-10 05:09:31
@article{433be16e-f4a8-43af-b4a5-4fe233f2a32f,
  abstract     = {{<p>Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean ventilation and atmospheric &lt;span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"&gt;CO2&lt;/span&gt; levels. However, many uncertainties regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4-18.6&amp;thinsp;kyr old lake sediment sequence on Nightingale Island (NI). It is strategically located at 37&lt;span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"&gt;ĝF&lt;/span&gt;&amp;thinsp;S in the central South Atlantic (SA) within the SHW belt and situated just north of the marine Subtropical Front (SF). This has enabled us to assess hydroclimate changes and their link to the regional climate development as well as to large-scale climate events in polar ice cores. The NI record exhibits a continuous impact of the SHW, recording shifts in both position and strength, and between 36 and 31&amp;thinsp;ka the westerlies show high latitudinal and strength-wise variability possibly linked to the bipolar seesaw. This was followed by 4&amp;thinsp;kyr of slightly falling temperatures, decreasing humidity and fairly southerly westerlies. After 27&amp;thinsp;ka temperatures decreased 3-4&amp;thinsp;&lt;span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"&gt;ĝ&lt;/span&gt;C, marking the largest hydroclimate change with drier conditions and a variable SHW position. We note that periods with more intense and southerly-positioned SHW seem to be related to periods of increased &lt;span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"&gt;CO2&lt;/span&gt; outgassing from the ocean, while changes in the cross-equatorial gradient during large northern temperature changes appear as the driving mechanism for the SHW shifts. Together with coeval shifts of the South Pacific westerlies, our results show that most of the Southern Hemisphere experienced simultaneous atmospheric circulation changes during the latter part of the last glacial. Finally we can conclude that multiproxy lake records from oceanic islands have the potential to record atmospheric variability coupled to large-scale climate shifts over vast oceanic areas..</p>}},
  author       = {{Björck, Svante and Sjolte, Jesper and Ljung, Karl and Adolphi, Florian and Flower, Roger and Smittenberg, Rienk H. and Kylander, Malin E. and Stocker, Thomas F. and Holmgren, Sofia and Jiang, Hui and Muscheler, Raimund and Afrifa, Yamoah K.K. and Rattray, Jayne E. and Van Der Putten, Nathalie}},
  issn         = {{1814-9324}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{1939--1958}},
  publisher    = {{Copernicus GmbH}},
  series       = {{Climate of the Past}},
  title        = {{A South Atlantic island record uncovers shifts in westerlies and hydroclimate during the last glacial}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1939-2019}},
  doi          = {{10.5194/cp-15-1939-2019}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}