Interaction of factors related to the metabolic syndrome and vitamin D on risk of prostate cancer
(2007) In Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 16(2). p.302-307- Abstract
- Background: Factors related to the metabolic syndrome and low levels of vitamin D have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Insofar, no studies have assessed their joint effects on prostate cancer risk. Methods: We studied (a) the associations of vitamin D with the metabolic syndrome factors body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and (b) the prostate cancer risk associated with these factors and especially their joint effects with vitamin D on risk of prostate cancer. We did a longitudinal nested case-control study on 132 prostate cancer cases and 456 matched controls from a cohort of 18,939 Finnish middle-aged men from the Helsinki Heart Study. The odds... (More)
- Background: Factors related to the metabolic syndrome and low levels of vitamin D have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Insofar, no studies have assessed their joint effects on prostate cancer risk. Methods: We studied (a) the associations of vitamin D with the metabolic syndrome factors body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and (b) the prostate cancer risk associated with these factors and especially their joint effects with vitamin D on risk of prostate cancer. We did a longitudinal nested case-control study on 132 prostate cancer cases and 456 matched controls from a cohort of 18,939 Finnish middle-aged men from the Helsinki Heart Study. The odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer were assessed via conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: Apart from HDL-C, there was no linear association between the metabolic syndrome factors and vitamin D levels. In univariate analysis, men in the highest quartiles of body mass index (> 28 kg/m(2)) and systolic blood pressure (> 150 mmHg) showed a modest increase in risks of prostate cancer, with ORs of 1.37 (P = 0.16) and 1.53 (P = 0.05) when compared with the three lower quartiles, but low HDL-C entailed no prostate cancer risk. However, with all three factors present, the OR was 3.36 (P = 0.02), and jointly with low vitamin D (<= 40 nmol/L), the OR was 8.03 (P = 0.005) compared with those with no metabolic syndrome factors and intermediate levels of vitamin D. There was an interaction between vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome factors so that a clustering of these factors entailed high risk of prostate cancer but only if vitamin D level was low (<= 40 nmol/L). If it was at intermediate levels, the metabolic syndrome factors entailed no prostate cancer risk. Conclusions: We conclude that the prostate cancer risk associated with factors related to the metabolic syndrome is strongly conditioned by levels of vitamin D. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/674259
- author
- Tuohimaa, Pentti ; Tenkanen, Leena ; Syvala, Heimo ; Lumme, Sonja ; Hakulinen, Tirno ; Dillner, Joakim LU and Hakama, Matti
- organization
- publishing date
- 2007
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
- volume
- 16
- issue
- 2
- pages
- 302 - 307
- publisher
- American Association for Cancer Research
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000244293400021
- scopus:33847707281
- ISSN
- 1538-7755
- DOI
- 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0777
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 4368245f-4fa1-4583-ac05-c679fc5bbfd4 (old id 674259)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 16:49:01
- date last changed
- 2022-03-15 03:11:22
@article{4368245f-4fa1-4583-ac05-c679fc5bbfd4,
abstract = {{Background: Factors related to the metabolic syndrome and low levels of vitamin D have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Insofar, no studies have assessed their joint effects on prostate cancer risk. Methods: We studied (a) the associations of vitamin D with the metabolic syndrome factors body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and (b) the prostate cancer risk associated with these factors and especially their joint effects with vitamin D on risk of prostate cancer. We did a longitudinal nested case-control study on 132 prostate cancer cases and 456 matched controls from a cohort of 18,939 Finnish middle-aged men from the Helsinki Heart Study. The odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer were assessed via conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: Apart from HDL-C, there was no linear association between the metabolic syndrome factors and vitamin D levels. In univariate analysis, men in the highest quartiles of body mass index (> 28 kg/m(2)) and systolic blood pressure (> 150 mmHg) showed a modest increase in risks of prostate cancer, with ORs of 1.37 (P = 0.16) and 1.53 (P = 0.05) when compared with the three lower quartiles, but low HDL-C entailed no prostate cancer risk. However, with all three factors present, the OR was 3.36 (P = 0.02), and jointly with low vitamin D (<= 40 nmol/L), the OR was 8.03 (P = 0.005) compared with those with no metabolic syndrome factors and intermediate levels of vitamin D. There was an interaction between vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome factors so that a clustering of these factors entailed high risk of prostate cancer but only if vitamin D level was low (<= 40 nmol/L). If it was at intermediate levels, the metabolic syndrome factors entailed no prostate cancer risk. Conclusions: We conclude that the prostate cancer risk associated with factors related to the metabolic syndrome is strongly conditioned by levels of vitamin D.}},
author = {{Tuohimaa, Pentti and Tenkanen, Leena and Syvala, Heimo and Lumme, Sonja and Hakulinen, Tirno and Dillner, Joakim and Hakama, Matti}},
issn = {{1538-7755}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{2}},
pages = {{302--307}},
publisher = {{American Association for Cancer Research}},
series = {{Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention}},
title = {{Interaction of factors related to the metabolic syndrome and vitamin D on risk of prostate cancer}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0777}},
doi = {{10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0777}},
volume = {{16}},
year = {{2007}},
}