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Satellite-Observed Spatial and Temporal Sea Surface Temperature Trends of the Baltic Sea between 1982 and 2021

Jamali, Sadegh LU orcid ; Ghorbanian, Arsalan LU and Abdi, Abdulhakim M. LU orcid (2023) In Remote Sensing 15(1).
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is one of the fastest-warming marginal seas globally, and its temperature rise has adversely affected its physical and biochemical characteristics. In this study, forty years (1982–2021) of sea surface temperature (SST) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) were used to investigate spatial and temporal SST variability of the Baltic Sea. To this end, annual maximum and minimum SST stacked series, i.e., time series of stacked layers of satellite data, were generated using high-quality observations acquired at night and were fed to an automatic algorithm to detect linear and non-linear trend patterns. The linear trend pattern was the dominant trend type in both stacked series, while more pixels with... (More)
The Baltic Sea is one of the fastest-warming marginal seas globally, and its temperature rise has adversely affected its physical and biochemical characteristics. In this study, forty years (1982–2021) of sea surface temperature (SST) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) were used to investigate spatial and temporal SST variability of the Baltic Sea. To this end, annual maximum and minimum SST stacked series, i.e., time series of stacked layers of satellite data, were generated using high-quality observations acquired at night and were fed to an automatic algorithm to detect linear and non-linear trend patterns. The linear trend pattern was the dominant trend type in both stacked series, while more pixels with non-linear trend patterns were detected when using the annual minimum SST. However, both stacked series showed increases in SST across the Baltic Sea. Annual maximum SST increased by an average of 0.062 ± 0.041 °C per year between 1982 and 2021, while annual minimum SST increased by an average of 0.035 ± 0.017 °C per year over the same period. Averaging annual maximum and minimum trends produces a spatial average of 0.048 ± 0.022 °C rise in SST per year over the last four decades.
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author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Remote sensing, Sea surface temperature, Climate change, Global change, Baltic, Sweden, Earth observation
in
Remote Sensing
volume
15
issue
1
article number
102
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85145875508
ISSN
2072-4292
DOI
10.3390/rs15010102
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
489cf32b-0fec-4535-b447-88e6bc136747
date added to LUP
2023-01-03 22:23:47
date last changed
2023-02-15 15:33:46
@article{489cf32b-0fec-4535-b447-88e6bc136747,
  abstract     = {{The Baltic Sea is one of the fastest-warming marginal seas globally, and its temperature rise has adversely affected its physical and biochemical characteristics. In this study, forty years (1982–2021) of sea surface temperature (SST) data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) were used to investigate spatial and temporal SST variability of the Baltic Sea. To this end, annual maximum and minimum SST stacked series, i.e., time series of stacked layers of satellite data, were generated using high-quality observations acquired at night and were fed to an automatic algorithm to detect linear and non-linear trend patterns. The linear trend pattern was the dominant trend type in both stacked series, while more pixels with non-linear trend patterns were detected when using the annual minimum SST. However, both stacked series showed increases in SST across the Baltic Sea. Annual maximum SST increased by an average of 0.062 ± 0.041 °C per year between 1982 and 2021, while annual minimum SST increased by an average of 0.035 ± 0.017 °C per year over the same period. Averaging annual maximum and minimum trends produces a spatial average of 0.048 ± 0.022 °C rise in SST per year over the last four decades.<br/>}},
  author       = {{Jamali, Sadegh and Ghorbanian, Arsalan and Abdi, Abdulhakim M.}},
  issn         = {{2072-4292}},
  keywords     = {{Remote sensing; Sea surface temperature; Climate change; Global change; Baltic; Sweden; Earth observation}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Remote Sensing}},
  title        = {{Satellite-Observed Spatial and Temporal Sea Surface Temperature Trends of the Baltic Sea between 1982 and 2021}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010102}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/rs15010102}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}