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Observation of Genuine High-dimensional Multi-partite Non-locality in Entangled Photon States

Hu, Xiao Min ; Huang, Cen Xiao ; d’Alessandro, Nicola ; Cobucci, Gabriele LU orcid ; Zhang, Chao ; Guo, Yu ; Huang, Yun Feng ; Li, Chuan Feng ; Guo, Guang Can and Gao, Xiaoqin , et al. (2025) In Nature Communications 16(1).
Abstract

Quantum information science has leaped forward with the exploration of high-dimensional quantum systems, offering greater potential than traditional qubits in quantum communication and quantum computing. To advance the field of high-dimensional quantum technology, a significant effort is underway to progressively enhance the entanglement dimension between two particles. An alternative effective strategy involves not only increasing the dimensionality but also expanding the number of particles that are entangled. We present an experimental study demonstrating multi-partite quantum non-locality beyond qubit constraints, thus moving into the realm of strongly entangled high-dimensional multi-particle quantum systems. In the experiment,... (More)

Quantum information science has leaped forward with the exploration of high-dimensional quantum systems, offering greater potential than traditional qubits in quantum communication and quantum computing. To advance the field of high-dimensional quantum technology, a significant effort is underway to progressively enhance the entanglement dimension between two particles. An alternative effective strategy involves not only increasing the dimensionality but also expanding the number of particles that are entangled. We present an experimental study demonstrating multi-partite quantum non-locality beyond qubit constraints, thus moving into the realm of strongly entangled high-dimensional multi-particle quantum systems. In the experiment, quantum states were encoded in the path degree of freedom (DoF) and controlled via polarization, enabling efficient operations in a two-dimensional plane to prepare three- and four-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states in three-level systems. Our experimental results reveal ways in which high-dimensional systems can surpass qubits in terms of violating local-hidden-variable theories. Our realization of multiple complex and high-quality entanglement technologies is an important primary step for more complex quantum computing and communication protocols.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Nature Communications
volume
16
issue
1
article number
5017
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:105006910023
  • pmid:40447564
ISSN
2041-1723
DOI
10.1038/s41467-025-59717-y
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
532069ff-a481-4b1e-bf89-a4cfe502c581
date added to LUP
2025-07-15 08:58:33
date last changed
2025-07-15 08:59:43
@article{532069ff-a481-4b1e-bf89-a4cfe502c581,
  abstract     = {{<p>Quantum information science has leaped forward with the exploration of high-dimensional quantum systems, offering greater potential than traditional qubits in quantum communication and quantum computing. To advance the field of high-dimensional quantum technology, a significant effort is underway to progressively enhance the entanglement dimension between two particles. An alternative effective strategy involves not only increasing the dimensionality but also expanding the number of particles that are entangled. We present an experimental study demonstrating multi-partite quantum non-locality beyond qubit constraints, thus moving into the realm of strongly entangled high-dimensional multi-particle quantum systems. In the experiment, quantum states were encoded in the path degree of freedom (DoF) and controlled via polarization, enabling efficient operations in a two-dimensional plane to prepare three- and four-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states in three-level systems. Our experimental results reveal ways in which high-dimensional systems can surpass qubits in terms of violating local-hidden-variable theories. Our realization of multiple complex and high-quality entanglement technologies is an important primary step for more complex quantum computing and communication protocols.</p>}},
  author       = {{Hu, Xiao Min and Huang, Cen Xiao and d’Alessandro, Nicola and Cobucci, Gabriele and Zhang, Chao and Guo, Yu and Huang, Yun Feng and Li, Chuan Feng and Guo, Guang Can and Gao, Xiaoqin and Huber, Marcus and Tavakoli, Armin and Liu, Bi Heng}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Nature Communications}},
  title        = {{Observation of Genuine High-dimensional Multi-partite Non-locality in Entangled Photon States}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59717-y}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41467-025-59717-y}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}