Semi-continuous emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of poly(methyl methacrylate) seed particles. Polymerization conditions giving core-shell particles
(2007) In European Polymer Journal 43(4). p.1322-1332- Abstract
- This work reports the morphology of two-phase latex particles prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of polar poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, seed particles, using different conditions of non-polar styrene feed rate, rate of initiation, seed particle concentration and temperature of polymerization. The expected latex particle morphology at thermodynamic equilibrium is an inverted core-shell structure where the non-polar polystyrene would form the core. However, depending on the set of process conditions used the morphology of the resulting two-phase particles varied from that of a pure core-shell structure, over intermediate structures in which a shell of PS surrounded a PMMA core containing an... (More)
- This work reports the morphology of two-phase latex particles prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of polar poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, seed particles, using different conditions of non-polar styrene feed rate, rate of initiation, seed particle concentration and temperature of polymerization. The expected latex particle morphology at thermodynamic equilibrium is an inverted core-shell structure where the non-polar polystyrene would form the core. However, depending on the set of process conditions used the morphology of the resulting two-phase particles varied from that of a pure core-shell structure, over intermediate structures in which a shell of PS surrounded a PMMA core containing an increasing number of PS phase domains, to a structure in which the entire PS phase was present as discrete PS phase domain, more or less evenly distributed in a matrix of PMMA. By the use of a caloirimetric reactor system the monomer concentration in the particles during the different polymerization experiments could be calculated by comparing the integral of the polymerization rate curve with the integral of the monomer feed rate. A comparison between particle morphology and the calculated concentration of plasticizing monomer in the polymerizing particles strongly suggested that the diffusivity of the entering oligo radicals determined by the difference between polymerization temperature and the glass transition temperature of the monomer-swollen core polymer is a key factor determining the morphology of two-phase particles prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization. Two-phase particles with a true core-shell structure were obtained in experiments where the estimated glass transition temperature of the PMMA phase was only a few degrees below the polymerization temperature. The results show that such particles can be obtained under conditions of high as well as low styrene feed rates, provided that the rate of initiation is properly adjusted. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/541202
- author
- Jönsson, Jan-Erik ; Karlsson, Ola LU ; Hassander, Helen LU and Törnell, Bertil LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2007
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- TEM, Glass transition, Latexes, Morphology, Core–shell polymers, Emulsion polymerization
- in
- European Polymer Journal
- volume
- 43
- issue
- 4
- pages
- 1322 - 1332
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000246347900023
- scopus:33947580267
- ISSN
- 0014-3057
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.01.027
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Physical Chemistry 1 (S) (011001006), Polymer and Materials Chemistry (LTH) (011001041)
- id
- 60aa292f-687a-466b-8c3a-f5c1e3a338e4 (old id 541202)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 17:06:14
- date last changed
- 2022-03-15 05:10:39
@article{60aa292f-687a-466b-8c3a-f5c1e3a338e4,
abstract = {{This work reports the morphology of two-phase latex particles prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of polar poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, seed particles, using different conditions of non-polar styrene feed rate, rate of initiation, seed particle concentration and temperature of polymerization. The expected latex particle morphology at thermodynamic equilibrium is an inverted core-shell structure where the non-polar polystyrene would form the core. However, depending on the set of process conditions used the morphology of the resulting two-phase particles varied from that of a pure core-shell structure, over intermediate structures in which a shell of PS surrounded a PMMA core containing an increasing number of PS phase domains, to a structure in which the entire PS phase was present as discrete PS phase domain, more or less evenly distributed in a matrix of PMMA. By the use of a caloirimetric reactor system the monomer concentration in the particles during the different polymerization experiments could be calculated by comparing the integral of the polymerization rate curve with the integral of the monomer feed rate. A comparison between particle morphology and the calculated concentration of plasticizing monomer in the polymerizing particles strongly suggested that the diffusivity of the entering oligo radicals determined by the difference between polymerization temperature and the glass transition temperature of the monomer-swollen core polymer is a key factor determining the morphology of two-phase particles prepared by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization. Two-phase particles with a true core-shell structure were obtained in experiments where the estimated glass transition temperature of the PMMA phase was only a few degrees below the polymerization temperature. The results show that such particles can be obtained under conditions of high as well as low styrene feed rates, provided that the rate of initiation is properly adjusted.}},
author = {{Jönsson, Jan-Erik and Karlsson, Ola and Hassander, Helen and Törnell, Bertil}},
issn = {{0014-3057}},
keywords = {{TEM; Glass transition; Latexes; Morphology; Core–shell polymers; Emulsion polymerization}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{4}},
pages = {{1322--1332}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{European Polymer Journal}},
title = {{Semi-continuous emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of poly(methyl methacrylate) seed particles. Polymerization conditions giving core-shell particles}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.01.027}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.01.027}},
volume = {{43}},
year = {{2007}},
}