Beyond Massive-MIMO : The Potential of Data-Transmission with Large Intelligent Surfaces
Hu, Sha LU ; Rusek, Fredrik LU and Edfors, Ove LU
(2018)
In IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
66(10).
p.2746-2758
- Abstract
In this paper, we consider the potential of data-transmission in a system with a massive number of radiating and sensing elements, thought of as a contiguous surface of electromagnetically active material. We refer to this as a Large Intelligent Surface (LIS). The "LIS" is a newly proposed concept, which conceptually goes beyond contemporary massive MIMO technology, and arises from our vision of a future where man-made structures are electronically active with integrated electronics and wireless communication making the entire environment "intelligent". Firstly, we consider capacities of single-antenna autonomous terminals communicating to the LIS where the entire surface is used as a receiving antenna-array in a perfect line-of-sight... (More)
In this paper, we consider the potential of data-transmission in a system with a massive number of radiating and sensing elements, thought of as a contiguous surface of electromagnetically active material. We refer to this as a Large Intelligent Surface (LIS). The "LIS" is a newly proposed concept, which conceptually goes beyond contemporary massive MIMO technology, and arises from our vision of a future where man-made structures are electronically active with integrated electronics and wireless communication making the entire environment "intelligent". Firstly, we consider capacities of single-antenna autonomous terminals communicating to the LIS where the entire surface is used as a receiving antenna-array in a perfect line-of-sight (LOS) propagation environment. Under the condition that the surface-area is sufficiently large, the received signal after a matched-filtering (MF) operation can be closely approximated by a sinc-function-like intersymbol interference (ISI) channel. Secondly, we analyze a normalized capacity measured per unit-surface, for a fixed transmit power per volume-unit with different terminal-deployments. As terminal-density increases, the limit of the normalized capacity [nats/s/Hz/volume-unit] achieved when wavelength <formula><tex>$\lambda$</tex></formula> approaches zero is equal to half of the transmit power per volume-unit divided by noise spatial power spectral density (PSD). Thirdly, we show that the number of independent signal dimensions that can be harvested per meter deployed surface is <formula><tex>$2/\lambda$</tex></formula> for one-dimensional terminal-deployment, and <formula><tex>$\pi/\lambda^{2}$</tex></formula> per square meter for two and three dimensional terminal-deployments. Lastly, we consider implementations of the LIS in the form of a grid of conventional antenna-elements, and show that the sampling lattice that minimizes the surface-area and simultaneously obtains one independent signal dimension for every spent antenna is the hexagonal lattice.
(Less)
- author
- Hu, Sha
LU
; Rusek, Fredrik
LU
and Edfors, Ove
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2018-05-15
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- 2D sampling, Hankel transform, hexagonal lattice, independent signal dimension, intersymbol interference (ISI), Large intelligent surface (LIS), Lattices, Lenses, line-of-sight (LOS), massive multiinput multi-output (MIMO), MIMO communication, normalized capacity, Receiving antennas, Surface treatment, Surface waves
- in
- IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
- volume
- 66
- issue
- 10
- pages
- 2746 - 2758
- publisher
- IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85044028460
- ISSN
- 1053-587X
- DOI
- 10.1109/TSP.2018.2816577
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 552776ea-89af-4ec4-953d-a0d9716117ad
- date added to LUP
- 2017-08-25 16:42:11
- date last changed
- 2024-03-31 13:05:30
@article{552776ea-89af-4ec4-953d-a0d9716117ad,
abstract = {{<p>In this paper, we consider the potential of data-transmission in a system with a massive number of radiating and sensing elements, thought of as a contiguous surface of electromagnetically active material. We refer to this as a Large Intelligent Surface (LIS). The "LIS" is a newly proposed concept, which conceptually goes beyond contemporary massive MIMO technology, and arises from our vision of a future where man-made structures are electronically active with integrated electronics and wireless communication making the entire environment "intelligent". Firstly, we consider capacities of single-antenna autonomous terminals communicating to the LIS where the entire surface is used as a receiving antenna-array in a perfect line-of-sight (LOS) propagation environment. Under the condition that the surface-area is sufficiently large, the received signal after a matched-filtering (MF) operation can be closely approximated by a sinc-function-like intersymbol interference (ISI) channel. Secondly, we analyze a normalized capacity measured per unit-surface, for a fixed transmit power per volume-unit with different terminal-deployments. As terminal-density increases, the limit of the normalized capacity [nats/s/Hz/volume-unit] achieved when wavelength <formula><tex>$\lambda$</tex></formula> approaches zero is equal to half of the transmit power per volume-unit divided by noise spatial power spectral density (PSD). Thirdly, we show that the number of independent signal dimensions that can be harvested per meter deployed surface is <formula><tex>$2/\lambda$</tex></formula> for one-dimensional terminal-deployment, and <formula><tex>$\pi/\lambda^{2}$</tex></formula> per square meter for two and three dimensional terminal-deployments. Lastly, we consider implementations of the LIS in the form of a grid of conventional antenna-elements, and show that the sampling lattice that minimizes the surface-area and simultaneously obtains one independent signal dimension for every spent antenna is the hexagonal lattice.</p>}},
author = {{Hu, Sha and Rusek, Fredrik and Edfors, Ove}},
issn = {{1053-587X}},
keywords = {{2D sampling; Hankel transform; hexagonal lattice; independent signal dimension; intersymbol interference (ISI); Large intelligent surface (LIS); Lattices; Lenses; line-of-sight (LOS); massive multiinput multi-output (MIMO); MIMO communication; normalized capacity; Receiving antennas; Surface treatment; Surface waves}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{05}},
number = {{10}},
pages = {{2746--2758}},
publisher = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
series = {{IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing}},
title = {{Beyond Massive-MIMO : The Potential of Data-Transmission with Large Intelligent Surfaces}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2018.2816577}},
doi = {{10.1109/TSP.2018.2816577}},
volume = {{66}},
year = {{2018}},
}