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Attosecond pulse shaping using a seeded free-electron laser

Maroju, Praveen Kumar ; Grazioli, Cesare ; Di Fraia, Michele ; Moioli, Matteo ; Ertel, Dominik ; Ahmadi, Hamed ; Plekan, Oksana ; Finetti, Paola ; Allaria, Enrico and Giannessi, Luca , et al. (2020) In Nature 578. p.386-391
Abstract

Attosecond pulses are central to the investigation of valence- and core-electron dynamics on their natural timescales1–3. The reproducible generation and characterization of attosecond waveforms has been demonstrated so far only through the process of high-order harmonic generation4–7. Several methods for shaping attosecond waveforms have been proposed, including the use of metallic filters8,9, multilayer mirrors10 and manipulation of the driving field11. However, none of these approaches allows the flexible manipulation of the temporal characteristics of the attosecond waveforms, and they suffer from the low conversion efficiency of the high-order harmonic generation process.... (More)

Attosecond pulses are central to the investigation of valence- and core-electron dynamics on their natural timescales1–3. The reproducible generation and characterization of attosecond waveforms has been demonstrated so far only through the process of high-order harmonic generation4–7. Several methods for shaping attosecond waveforms have been proposed, including the use of metallic filters8,9, multilayer mirrors10 and manipulation of the driving field11. However, none of these approaches allows the flexible manipulation of the temporal characteristics of the attosecond waveforms, and they suffer from the low conversion efficiency of the high-order harmonic generation process. Free-electron lasers, by contrast, deliver femtosecond, extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray pulses with energies ranging from tens of microjoules to a few millijoules12,13. Recent experiments have shown that they can generate subfemtosecond spikes, but with temporal characteristics that change shot-to-shot14–16. Here we report reproducible generation of high-energy (microjoule level) attosecond waveforms using a seeded free-electron laser17. We demonstrate amplitude and phase manipulation of the harmonic components of an attosecond pulse train in combination with an approach for its temporal reconstruction. The results presented here open the way to performing attosecond time-resolved experiments with free-electron lasers.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Nature
volume
578
pages
386 - 391
publisher
Nature Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:85079435185
  • pmid:32042171
ISSN
0028-0836
DOI
10.1038/s41586-020-2005-6
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
5698197d-fc95-4889-980d-374066dfff5c
date added to LUP
2020-02-24 16:26:21
date last changed
2024-06-13 12:14:08
@article{5698197d-fc95-4889-980d-374066dfff5c,
  abstract     = {{<p>Attosecond pulses are central to the investigation of valence- and core-electron dynamics on their natural timescales<sup>1–3</sup>. The reproducible generation and characterization of attosecond waveforms has been demonstrated so far only through the process of high-order harmonic generation<sup>4–7</sup>. Several methods for shaping attosecond waveforms have been proposed, including the use of metallic filters<sup>8,9</sup>, multilayer mirrors<sup>10</sup> and manipulation of the driving field<sup>11</sup>. However, none of these approaches allows the flexible manipulation of the temporal characteristics of the attosecond waveforms, and they suffer from the low conversion efficiency of the high-order harmonic generation process. Free-electron lasers, by contrast, deliver femtosecond, extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray pulses with energies ranging from tens of microjoules to a few millijoules<sup>12,13</sup>. Recent experiments have shown that they can generate subfemtosecond spikes, but with temporal characteristics that change shot-to-shot<sup>14–16</sup>. Here we report reproducible generation of high-energy (microjoule level) attosecond waveforms using a seeded free-electron laser<sup>17</sup>. We demonstrate amplitude and phase manipulation of the harmonic components of an attosecond pulse train in combination with an approach for its temporal reconstruction. The results presented here open the way to performing attosecond time-resolved experiments with free-electron lasers.</p>}},
  author       = {{Maroju, Praveen Kumar and Grazioli, Cesare and Di Fraia, Michele and Moioli, Matteo and Ertel, Dominik and Ahmadi, Hamed and Plekan, Oksana and Finetti, Paola and Allaria, Enrico and Giannessi, Luca and De Ninno, Giovanni and Spezzani, Carlo and Penco, Giuseppe and Spampinati, Simone and Demidovich, Alexander and Danailov, Miltcho B. and Borghes, Roberto and Kourousias, George and Sanches Dos Reis, Carlos Eduardo and Billé, Fulvio and Lutman, Alberto A. and Squibb, Richard J. and Feifel, Raimund and Carpeggiani, Paolo and Reduzzi, Maurizio and Mazza, Tommaso and Meyer, Michael and Bengtsson, Samuel and Ibrakovic, Neven and Simpson, Emma Rose and Mauritsson, Johan and Csizmadia, Tamás and Dumergue, Mathieu and Kühn, Sergei and Nandiga Gopalakrishna, Harshitha and You, Daehyun and Ueda, Kiyoshi and Labeye, Marie and Bækhøj, Jens Egebjerg and Schafer, Kenneth J. and Gryzlova, Elena V. and Grum-Grzhimailo, Alexei N. and Prince, Kevin C. and Callegari, Carlo and Sansone, Giuseppe}},
  issn         = {{0028-0836}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{386--391}},
  publisher    = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Nature}},
  title        = {{Attosecond pulse shaping using a seeded free-electron laser}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2005-6}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41586-020-2005-6}},
  volume       = {{578}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}