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The moderation of the genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders in a Swedish national sample by the genetic aptitude for educational attainment

Kendler, Kenneth S. ; Ohlsson, Henrik LU ; Sundquist, Jan LU and Sundquist, Kristina LU (2023) In Psychological Medicine 53(7). p.3077-3084
Abstract

Background Does the genetic aptitude for educational attainment (GAEA) moderate the genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD)? Methods In the native Swedish population, born 1960-1980 and followed through 2017 (n = 1 862 435), the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for AUD and DUD and GAEA were calculated from, respectively, the educational attainment and risk for AUD and DUD, of 1st through 5th degree relatives from Swedish national registers. Analyses utilized Aalen's linear hazards models. Results Risk for AUD was robustly predicted by the main effects of FGRSAUD [b = 6.32 (95% CI 6.21-6.43), z = 64.9, p < 0.001) and GAEA [b = -2.90 (2.83-2.97), z = 44.1, p < 0.001] and their interaction [b = -1.93... (More)

Background Does the genetic aptitude for educational attainment (GAEA) moderate the genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD)? Methods In the native Swedish population, born 1960-1980 and followed through 2017 (n = 1 862 435), the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for AUD and DUD and GAEA were calculated from, respectively, the educational attainment and risk for AUD and DUD, of 1st through 5th degree relatives from Swedish national registers. Analyses utilized Aalen's linear hazards models. Results Risk for AUD was robustly predicted by the main effects of FGRSAUD [b = 6.32 (95% CI 6.21-6.43), z = 64.9, p < 0.001) and GAEA [b = -2.90 (2.83-2.97), z = 44.1, p < 0.001] and their interaction [b = -1.93 (1.83-2.03), z = 32.9, p < 0.001]. Results were similar for the prediction of DUD by the main effects of FGRSDUD [b = 4.65 (CI 4.56-4.74), z = 59.4, p < 0.001] and GAEA [-2.08 (2.03-2.13), z = 46.4, p < 0.001] and their interaction [b = -1.58 (1.50-1.66)), z = 30.2, p < 0.001]. The magnitude of the interactions between GAEA and FGRSAUD and FGRSDUD in the prediction of, respectively, AUD and DUD was attenuated only slightly by the addition of educational attainment to the model. Conclusions and relevance The genetic propensity to high educational attainment robustly moderates the genetic risk for both AUD and DUD such that the impact of the genetic liability to AUD and DUD on the risk of illness is substantially attenuated in those with high v. low GAEA. This effect is not appreciably mediated by the actual level of educational attainment. These naturalistic findings could form the basis of prevention efforts in high-risk youth.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, educational attainment, genetics
in
Psychological Medicine
volume
53
issue
7
pages
3077 - 3084
publisher
Cambridge University Press
external identifiers
  • scopus:85121860796
  • pmid:37449484
ISSN
0033-2917
DOI
10.1017/S0033291721005134
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
570f6196-9c89-4a1e-84df-52addbba4bd6
date added to LUP
2022-03-23 11:58:18
date last changed
2024-06-08 20:53:02
@article{570f6196-9c89-4a1e-84df-52addbba4bd6,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background Does the genetic aptitude for educational attainment (GAEA) moderate the genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD)? Methods In the native Swedish population, born 1960-1980 and followed through 2017 (n = 1 862 435), the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for AUD and DUD and GAEA were calculated from, respectively, the educational attainment and risk for AUD and DUD, of 1st through 5th degree relatives from Swedish national registers. Analyses utilized Aalen's linear hazards models. Results Risk for AUD was robustly predicted by the main effects of FGRSAUD [b = 6.32 (95% CI 6.21-6.43), z = 64.9, p &lt; 0.001) and GAEA [b = -2.90 (2.83-2.97), z = 44.1, p &lt; 0.001] and their interaction [b = -1.93 (1.83-2.03), z = 32.9, p &lt; 0.001]. Results were similar for the prediction of DUD by the main effects of FGRSDUD [b = 4.65 (CI 4.56-4.74), z = 59.4, p &lt; 0.001] and GAEA [-2.08 (2.03-2.13), z = 46.4, p &lt; 0.001] and their interaction [b = -1.58 (1.50-1.66)), z = 30.2, p &lt; 0.001]. The magnitude of the interactions between GAEA and FGRSAUD and FGRSDUD in the prediction of, respectively, AUD and DUD was attenuated only slightly by the addition of educational attainment to the model. Conclusions and relevance The genetic propensity to high educational attainment robustly moderates the genetic risk for both AUD and DUD such that the impact of the genetic liability to AUD and DUD on the risk of illness is substantially attenuated in those with high v. low GAEA. This effect is not appreciably mediated by the actual level of educational attainment. These naturalistic findings could form the basis of prevention efforts in high-risk youth. </p>}},
  author       = {{Kendler, Kenneth S. and Ohlsson, Henrik and Sundquist, Jan and Sundquist, Kristina}},
  issn         = {{0033-2917}},
  keywords     = {{Alcohol use disorder; drug use disorder; educational attainment; genetics}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{3077--3084}},
  publisher    = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  series       = {{Psychological Medicine}},
  title        = {{The moderation of the genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders in a Swedish national sample by the genetic aptitude for educational attainment}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721005134}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/S0033291721005134}},
  volume       = {{53}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}