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Anisotropic strain variations during the confined growth of Au nanowires

Abbondanza, Giuseppe LU ; Grespi, Andrea LU ; Larsson, Alfred LU ; Glatthaar, Lorena ; Weber, Tim ; Blankenburg, Malte ; Hegedüs, Zoltan ; Lienert, Ulrich ; Over, Herbert and Lundgren, Edvin LU (2023) In Applied Physics Letters 122(12).
Abstract

The electrochemical growth of Au nanowires in a template of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide was investigated in situ by means of grazing-incidence transmission small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (GTSAXS and GTWAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and two-dimensional surface optical reflectance. The XRF and the overall intensity of the GTWAXS patterns as a function of time were used to monitor the progress of the electrodeposition. Furthermore, we extracted powder diffraction patterns in the direction of growth and in the direction of confinement to follow the evolution of the direction-dependent strain. Quite rapidly after the beginning of the electrodeposition, the strain became tensile in the vertical direction and compressive in the... (More)

The electrochemical growth of Au nanowires in a template of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide was investigated in situ by means of grazing-incidence transmission small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (GTSAXS and GTWAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and two-dimensional surface optical reflectance. The XRF and the overall intensity of the GTWAXS patterns as a function of time were used to monitor the progress of the electrodeposition. Furthermore, we extracted powder diffraction patterns in the direction of growth and in the direction of confinement to follow the evolution of the direction-dependent strain. Quite rapidly after the beginning of the electrodeposition, the strain became tensile in the vertical direction and compressive in the horizontal direction, which showed that the lattice deformation of the nanostructures can be artificially varied by an appropriate choice of the deposition time. By alternating sequences of electrodeposition with sequences of rest, we observed fluctuations of the lattice parameter in the direction of growth, attributed to stress caused by electromigration. Furthermore, the porous domain size calculated from the GTSAXS patterns was used to monitor how homogeneously the pores were filled.

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author
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Applied Physics Letters
volume
122
issue
12
article number
123101
publisher
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85150873453
ISSN
0003-6951
DOI
10.1063/5.0138891
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
59bb076b-5ccd-476e-a974-043e0c4efa25
date added to LUP
2023-05-23 10:44:01
date last changed
2023-11-22 18:36:43
@article{59bb076b-5ccd-476e-a974-043e0c4efa25,
  abstract     = {{<p>The electrochemical growth of Au nanowires in a template of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide was investigated in situ by means of grazing-incidence transmission small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (GTSAXS and GTWAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and two-dimensional surface optical reflectance. The XRF and the overall intensity of the GTWAXS patterns as a function of time were used to monitor the progress of the electrodeposition. Furthermore, we extracted powder diffraction patterns in the direction of growth and in the direction of confinement to follow the evolution of the direction-dependent strain. Quite rapidly after the beginning of the electrodeposition, the strain became tensile in the vertical direction and compressive in the horizontal direction, which showed that the lattice deformation of the nanostructures can be artificially varied by an appropriate choice of the deposition time. By alternating sequences of electrodeposition with sequences of rest, we observed fluctuations of the lattice parameter in the direction of growth, attributed to stress caused by electromigration. Furthermore, the porous domain size calculated from the GTSAXS patterns was used to monitor how homogeneously the pores were filled.</p>}},
  author       = {{Abbondanza, Giuseppe and Grespi, Andrea and Larsson, Alfred and Glatthaar, Lorena and Weber, Tim and Blankenburg, Malte and Hegedüs, Zoltan and Lienert, Ulrich and Over, Herbert and Lundgren, Edvin}},
  issn         = {{0003-6951}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{American Institute of Physics (AIP)}},
  series       = {{Applied Physics Letters}},
  title        = {{Anisotropic strain variations during the confined growth of Au nanowires}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138891}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0138891}},
  volume       = {{122}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}