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Optical : In situ monitoring during the synthesis of halide perovskite solar cells reveals formation kinetics and evolution of optoelectronic properties

Suchan, Klara LU ; Just, Justus LU ; Becker, Pascal ; Unger, Eva L. LU and Unold, Thomas (2020) In Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8(20). p.10439-10449
Abstract

The formation mechanism and the evolution of optoelectronic properties during annealing of chlorine-derived methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3-xClx) are investigated in detail combining in situ and ex situ optical and structural characterization. Using in situ optical reflectometry we are able to monitor the evolution of the MAPbI3-xClx phase as a function of time and processing temperature. The formation kinetics is fitted using an improved Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model and a delayed formation of MAPbI3-xClx is found when chlorine is present in the precursor. This is verified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence measurements. From absolute photoluminescence... (More)

The formation mechanism and the evolution of optoelectronic properties during annealing of chlorine-derived methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3-xClx) are investigated in detail combining in situ and ex situ optical and structural characterization. Using in situ optical reflectometry we are able to monitor the evolution of the MAPbI3-xClx phase as a function of time and processing temperature. The formation kinetics is fitted using an improved Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model and a delayed formation of MAPbI3-xClx is found when chlorine is present in the precursor. This is verified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence measurements. From absolute photoluminescence measurements we determine the implied Voc during film formation, which exhibits a maximum at a specific time during the annealing process. In conjunction with ex situ time-resolved photoluminescence we deduce a decrease in the net doping density for increased annealing times, while the minority carrier lifetime stays constant. We thus demonstrate the potential of in situ optical spectroscopy to monitor and tailor the electronic properties of hybrid perovskites directly during film growth, which can be easily applied to different growth recipes and synthesis environments.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
volume
8
issue
20
pages
11 pages
publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
external identifiers
  • scopus:85086028582
ISSN
2050-7488
DOI
10.1039/d0ta01237h
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
5c153dad-4ebc-4d53-bcb9-f80af8edc322
date added to LUP
2021-01-14 09:34:17
date last changed
2023-11-20 20:43:18
@article{5c153dad-4ebc-4d53-bcb9-f80af8edc322,
  abstract     = {{<p>The formation mechanism and the evolution of optoelectronic properties during annealing of chlorine-derived methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<sub>3-x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub>) are investigated in detail combining in situ and ex situ optical and structural characterization. Using in situ optical reflectometry we are able to monitor the evolution of the MAPbI<sub>3-x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> phase as a function of time and processing temperature. The formation kinetics is fitted using an improved Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model and a delayed formation of MAPbI<sub>3-x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> is found when chlorine is present in the precursor. This is verified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence measurements. From absolute photoluminescence measurements we determine the implied V<sub>oc</sub> during film formation, which exhibits a maximum at a specific time during the annealing process. In conjunction with ex situ time-resolved photoluminescence we deduce a decrease in the net doping density for increased annealing times, while the minority carrier lifetime stays constant. We thus demonstrate the potential of in situ optical spectroscopy to monitor and tailor the electronic properties of hybrid perovskites directly during film growth, which can be easily applied to different growth recipes and synthesis environments.</p>}},
  author       = {{Suchan, Klara and Just, Justus and Becker, Pascal and Unger, Eva L. and Unold, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2050-7488}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{05}},
  number       = {{20}},
  pages        = {{10439--10449}},
  publisher    = {{Royal Society of Chemistry}},
  series       = {{Journal of Materials Chemistry A}},
  title        = {{Optical : In situ monitoring during the synthesis of halide perovskite solar cells reveals formation kinetics and evolution of optoelectronic properties}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta01237h}},
  doi          = {{10.1039/d0ta01237h}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}