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High-intensity attosecond beamline for XUV pump–XUV probe measurements with photon energies up to 150 eV

Vardast, Sajjad ; Muschet, Alexander ; Smijesh, N. ; Rezaei-Pandari, Mohammad ; Schnur, Fritz ; Weissenbilder, Robin LU ; Appi, Elisa LU ; Lahl, Jan LU ; Maclot, Sylvain LU and Eng-Johnsson, Per LU orcid , et al. (2026) In APL Photonics 11(5).
Abstract

The field of attosecond physics has expanded significantly in recent years, yet experimental facilities supporting attosecond pump–attosecond probe spectroscopy remain rare. Here, we present a newly constructed beamline for the generation and application of energetic, isolated extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft x-ray attosecond pulses via upscaling of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in a gas medium. The fundamental properties of the HHG radiation—energy, beam profile, spectrum, and divergence—are characterized and optimized. The source delivers up to 55 nJ of pulse energy within the Zr window (65–150 eV) with high stability (∼5%–10%) and a divergence of 0.1 mrad. Numerical simulations identify optimal operating conditions consistent with... (More)

The field of attosecond physics has expanded significantly in recent years, yet experimental facilities supporting attosecond pump–attosecond probe spectroscopy remain rare. Here, we present a newly constructed beamline for the generation and application of energetic, isolated extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft x-ray attosecond pulses via upscaling of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in a gas medium. The fundamental properties of the HHG radiation—energy, beam profile, spectrum, and divergence—are characterized and optimized. The source delivers up to 55 nJ of pulse energy within the Zr window (65–150 eV) with high stability (∼5%–10%) and a divergence of 0.1 mrad. Numerical simulations identify optimal operating conditions consistent with experimental results. Temporal super-resolution of the driving laser is applied, resulting in a broadened spectral continuum. Furthermore, the beamline includes a split-and-delay stage before focusing the HHG radiation to a < 6 μm spot for pump–probe experiments using two distinct focusing optics. Spatially resolved ion microscopy is employed to trace the generated ions at the focus. The presented beamline is designed for nonlinear XUV studies with isolated attosecond pulses.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
APL Photonics
volume
11
issue
5
article number
056115
publisher
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
external identifiers
  • scopus:105040179233
ISSN
2378-0967
DOI
10.1063/5.0324877
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2026 Author(s).
id
5e2de710-3712-4c76-81d1-40d31c621ec7
date added to LUP
2026-06-09 16:18:34
date last changed
2026-06-12 11:14:41
@article{5e2de710-3712-4c76-81d1-40d31c621ec7,
  abstract     = {{<p>The field of attosecond physics has expanded significantly in recent years, yet experimental facilities supporting attosecond pump–attosecond probe spectroscopy remain rare. Here, we present a newly constructed beamline for the generation and application of energetic, isolated extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft x-ray attosecond pulses via upscaling of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in a gas medium. The fundamental properties of the HHG radiation—energy, beam profile, spectrum, and divergence—are characterized and optimized. The source delivers up to 55 nJ of pulse energy within the Zr window (65–150 eV) with high stability (∼5%–10%) and a divergence of 0.1 mrad. Numerical simulations identify optimal operating conditions consistent with experimental results. Temporal super-resolution of the driving laser is applied, resulting in a broadened spectral continuum. Furthermore, the beamline includes a split-and-delay stage before focusing the HHG radiation to a &lt; 6 μm spot for pump–probe experiments using two distinct focusing optics. Spatially resolved ion microscopy is employed to trace the generated ions at the focus. The presented beamline is designed for nonlinear XUV studies with isolated attosecond pulses.</p>}},
  author       = {{Vardast, Sajjad and Muschet, Alexander and Smijesh, N. and Rezaei-Pandari, Mohammad and Schnur, Fritz and Weissenbilder, Robin and Appi, Elisa and Lahl, Jan and Maclot, Sylvain and Eng-Johnsson, Per and L’Huillier, Anne and Veisz, Laszlo}},
  issn         = {{2378-0967}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{05}},
  number       = {{5}},
  publisher    = {{American Institute of Physics (AIP)}},
  series       = {{APL Photonics}},
  title        = {{High-intensity attosecond beamline for XUV pump–XUV probe measurements with photon energies up to 150 eV}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0324877}},
  doi          = {{10.1063/5.0324877}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}