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Histomorphological Changes after Renal X-Ray Arteriography Using Iodine and Gadolinium Contrast Media in an Ischemic Porcine Model.

Elmståhl, Barbara LU ; Leander, Peter LU ; Grant, D ; Doughty, R W ; Chai, Chun-Ming LU ; Björk, J ; Almén, Torsten LU and Nyman, Ulf LU (2007) In Acta Radiologica 48(10). p.1109-1119
Abstract
Background: Gadolinium contrast media (Gd-CM) are regarded as non-nephrotoxic or considerably less nephrotoxic than iodine contrast media (I-CM), and have therefore come to be used as a substitute for I-CM in patients with renal insufficiency in a variety of radiographic examinations.



Purpose: To investigate renal histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM in comparison with I-CM after renal X-ray arteriography in an ischemic porcine model, and to evaluate these changes in relation to the nephrotoxicity of the CM used.



Material and Methods: Test solutions: gadopentetate, gadodiamide, iohexol, gadobutrol, iopromide, iodixanol, mannitol, and saline. The experiments were performed on 152 animals. Each pig... (More)
Background: Gadolinium contrast media (Gd-CM) are regarded as non-nephrotoxic or considerably less nephrotoxic than iodine contrast media (I-CM), and have therefore come to be used as a substitute for I-CM in patients with renal insufficiency in a variety of radiographic examinations.



Purpose: To investigate renal histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM in comparison with I-CM after renal X-ray arteriography in an ischemic porcine model, and to evaluate these changes in relation to the nephrotoxicity of the CM used.



Material and Methods: Test solutions: gadopentetate, gadodiamide, iohexol, gadobutrol, iopromide, iodixanol, mannitol, and saline. The experiments were performed on 152 animals. Each pig was randomized to receive one test solution injected into the balloon-occluded (10 min) right renal artery. The kidneys were evaluated histomorphologically. The severity of histomorphological changes was graded subjectively: 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, and 4 = marked.



Results: The main histological changes were 1) proximal tubular and glomerular necrosis, 2) hemorrhage/congestion of the cortex, medulla, and glomeruli, 3) proximal tubular vacuolation, and 4) protein-filled tubules in the cortex and medulla. Necrosis and hemorrhage/congestion were more frequent after injections with gadopentetate, mannitol solution iso-osmotic to gadopentetate, and gadobutrol compared to all other groups (P<0.001). The degree of necrosis and hemorrhage/congestion was related to the degree of impairment of renal function, but inversely related to vacuolation and tubular protein filling.



Conclusion: In ischemic porcine kidneys, the histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM are similar to those caused by I-CM. Vacuolation appears to be independent of the osmolality and viscosity of the CM, and does not seem to be an indicator of renal impairment. “High-osmolal” Gd-CM are more nephrotoxic than “low- and iso-osmolal” I-CM when compared in equal volumes of concentrations, resulting in equal X-ray attenuation. (Less)
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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Contrast media, experimental model, nephrotoxicity, tubular necrosis, vacuolation
in
Acta Radiologica
volume
48
issue
10
pages
1109 - 1119
publisher
SAGE Publications
external identifiers
  • wos:000251240400011
  • scopus:36649033078
  • pmid:17963073
ISSN
1600-0455
DOI
10.1080/02841850701663442
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
512aef4d-f10b-4b57-8012-4e93fe1c0b57 (old id 608295)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 15:55:43
date last changed
2022-01-28 08:06:02
@article{512aef4d-f10b-4b57-8012-4e93fe1c0b57,
  abstract     = {{Background: Gadolinium contrast media (Gd-CM) are regarded as non-nephrotoxic or considerably less nephrotoxic than iodine contrast media (I-CM), and have therefore come to be used as a substitute for I-CM in patients with renal insufficiency in a variety of radiographic examinations.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Purpose: To investigate renal histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM in comparison with I-CM after renal X-ray arteriography in an ischemic porcine model, and to evaluate these changes in relation to the nephrotoxicity of the CM used.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Material and Methods: Test solutions: gadopentetate, gadodiamide, iohexol, gadobutrol, iopromide, iodixanol, mannitol, and saline. The experiments were performed on 152 animals. Each pig was randomized to receive one test solution injected into the balloon-occluded (10 min) right renal artery. The kidneys were evaluated histomorphologically. The severity of histomorphological changes was graded subjectively: 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, and 4 = marked.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Results: The main histological changes were 1) proximal tubular and glomerular necrosis, 2) hemorrhage/congestion of the cortex, medulla, and glomeruli, 3) proximal tubular vacuolation, and 4) protein-filled tubules in the cortex and medulla. Necrosis and hemorrhage/congestion were more frequent after injections with gadopentetate, mannitol solution iso-osmotic to gadopentetate, and gadobutrol compared to all other groups (P&lt;0.001). The degree of necrosis and hemorrhage/congestion was related to the degree of impairment of renal function, but inversely related to vacuolation and tubular protein filling.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Conclusion: In ischemic porcine kidneys, the histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM are similar to those caused by I-CM. Vacuolation appears to be independent of the osmolality and viscosity of the CM, and does not seem to be an indicator of renal impairment. “High-osmolal” Gd-CM are more nephrotoxic than “low- and iso-osmolal” I-CM when compared in equal volumes of concentrations, resulting in equal X-ray attenuation.}},
  author       = {{Elmståhl, Barbara and Leander, Peter and Grant, D and Doughty, R W and Chai, Chun-Ming and Björk, J and Almén, Torsten and Nyman, Ulf}},
  issn         = {{1600-0455}},
  keywords     = {{Contrast media; experimental model; nephrotoxicity; tubular necrosis; vacuolation}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{1109--1119}},
  publisher    = {{SAGE Publications}},
  series       = {{Acta Radiologica}},
  title        = {{Histomorphological Changes after Renal X-Ray Arteriography Using Iodine and Gadolinium Contrast Media in an Ischemic Porcine Model.}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850701663442}},
  doi          = {{10.1080/02841850701663442}},
  volume       = {{48}},
  year         = {{2007}},
}