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The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland—A geochemical window on early Cambrian low-oxygen environments and ecosystems

Hammarlund, Emma U. LU ; Smith, M. Paul ; Rasmussen, Jan A. ; Nielsen, Arne T. ; Canfield, Donald E. and Harper, David A.T. LU (2019) In Geobiology 17(1). p.12-26
Abstract

The early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of northernmost Greenland (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) contains exceptionally preserved soft tissues that provide an important window to early animal evolution, while the surrounding sediment holds critical data on the palaeodepositional water-column chemistry. The present study combines palaeontological data with a multiproxy geochemical approach based on samples collected in situ at high stratigraphic resolution from Sirius Passet. After careful consideration of chemical alterations during burial, our results demonstrate that fossil preservation and biodiversity show significant correlation with iron enrichments (FeHR/FeT), trace metal behaviour (V/Al), and changes in... (More)

The early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of northernmost Greenland (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) contains exceptionally preserved soft tissues that provide an important window to early animal evolution, while the surrounding sediment holds critical data on the palaeodepositional water-column chemistry. The present study combines palaeontological data with a multiproxy geochemical approach based on samples collected in situ at high stratigraphic resolution from Sirius Passet. After careful consideration of chemical alterations during burial, our results demonstrate that fossil preservation and biodiversity show significant correlation with iron enrichments (FeHR/FeT), trace metal behaviour (V/Al), and changes in nitrogen cycling (δ15N). These data, together with Mo/Al and the preservation of organic carbon (TOC), are consistent with a water column that was transiently low in oxygen concentration, or even intermittently anoxic. When compared with the biogeochemical characteristics of modern oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), geochemical and palaeontological data collectively suggest that oxygen concentrations as low as 0.2–0.4 ml/L restricted bioturbation but not the development of a largely nektobenthic community of predators and scavengers. We envisage for the Sirius Passet biota a depositional setting where anoxic water column conditions developed and passed over the depositional site, possibly in association with sea-level change, and where this early Cambrian biota was established in conditions with very low oxygen.

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author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Cambrian explosion, geochemistry, oxygen minimum zone, Sirius Passet, soft-tissue fossil preservation, water-column chemistry
in
Geobiology
volume
17
issue
1
pages
12 - 26
publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
external identifiers
  • scopus:85053897843
  • pmid:30264482
ISSN
1472-4677
DOI
10.1111/gbi.12315
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
66b54126-6db7-4dd6-a08e-a10361dd5f55
date added to LUP
2018-10-29 13:02:17
date last changed
2024-03-02 10:07:03
@article{66b54126-6db7-4dd6-a08e-a10361dd5f55,
  abstract     = {{<p>The early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of northernmost Greenland (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) contains exceptionally preserved soft tissues that provide an important window to early animal evolution, while the surrounding sediment holds critical data on the palaeodepositional water-column chemistry. The present study combines palaeontological data with a multiproxy geochemical approach based on samples collected in situ at high stratigraphic resolution from Sirius Passet. After careful consideration of chemical alterations during burial, our results demonstrate that fossil preservation and biodiversity show significant correlation with iron enrichments (Fe<sub>HR</sub>/Fe<sub>T</sub>), trace metal behaviour (V/Al), and changes in nitrogen cycling (δ<sup>15</sup>N). These data, together with Mo/Al and the preservation of organic carbon (TOC), are consistent with a water column that was transiently low in oxygen concentration, or even intermittently anoxic. When compared with the biogeochemical characteristics of modern oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), geochemical and palaeontological data collectively suggest that oxygen concentrations as low as 0.2–0.4 ml/L restricted bioturbation but not the development of a largely nektobenthic community of predators and scavengers. We envisage for the Sirius Passet biota a depositional setting where anoxic water column conditions developed and passed over the depositional site, possibly in association with sea-level change, and where this early Cambrian biota was established in conditions with very low oxygen.</p>}},
  author       = {{Hammarlund, Emma U. and Smith, M. Paul and Rasmussen, Jan A. and Nielsen, Arne T. and Canfield, Donald E. and Harper, David A.T.}},
  issn         = {{1472-4677}},
  keywords     = {{Cambrian explosion; geochemistry; oxygen minimum zone; Sirius Passet; soft-tissue fossil preservation; water-column chemistry}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{12--26}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
  series       = {{Geobiology}},
  title        = {{The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland—A geochemical window on early Cambrian low-oxygen environments and ecosystems}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12315}},
  doi          = {{10.1111/gbi.12315}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}