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Habitual coffee consumption poorly correlates with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness : A cross-sectional study

Söderholm, Simon ; Ulander, Martin ; Toma, Vanessa William ; Kaufmann, Sara ; Qiao, Xiangyu ; Berglind, Daniel ; Calling, Susanna LU ; Daka, Bledar ; Grote, Ludger and Martinell, Mats , et al. (2026) In PLOS ONE 21(3 March).
Abstract

Coffee is the most common drink in the world, second only to water. This makes caffeine, the ingredient of coffee known for its wakefulness-promoting effects, one of the most used psychoactive substances. The psychoactive property of caffeine is well-characterized, and entails its interaction with the adenosine receptors, involved in sleep regulation. While studies have shown a deleterious immediate effect of caffeine on sleep, less is known about the effects of chronic caffeine exposure. In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated this relationship across a large cohort of 30,154 individuals participating in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study (SCAPIS), which allowed us to compare habitual coffee intake with sleep... (More)

Coffee is the most common drink in the world, second only to water. This makes caffeine, the ingredient of coffee known for its wakefulness-promoting effects, one of the most used psychoactive substances. The psychoactive property of caffeine is well-characterized, and entails its interaction with the adenosine receptors, involved in sleep regulation. While studies have shown a deleterious immediate effect of caffeine on sleep, less is known about the effects of chronic caffeine exposure. In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated this relationship across a large cohort of 30,154 individuals participating in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study (SCAPIS), which allowed us to compare habitual coffee intake with sleep habits, subjective estimate of daytime sleepiness, and underlying genetic variants. According to our analyses, different degrees of coffee consumption, confirmed by statistical association with previously reported genetic variants, showed very low association with estimated patterns of sleep habits or perceived daytime sleepiness. These results indicate that coffee may be less impactful on sleep habits than previously thought, or that other mechanisms, such as the adaptive capabilities of the adenosine system in adult coffee users, may dampen its psychoactive potency.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
PLOS ONE
volume
21
issue
3 March
article number
e0344479
publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
external identifiers
  • scopus:105032104766
  • pmid:41801928
ISSN
1932-6203
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0344479
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2026 Söderholm et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
id
66d2c4ea-d21b-4146-ae33-1f0d1c73d0c0
date added to LUP
2026-05-04 13:58:10
date last changed
2026-05-18 14:49:41
@article{66d2c4ea-d21b-4146-ae33-1f0d1c73d0c0,
  abstract     = {{<p>Coffee is the most common drink in the world, second only to water. This makes caffeine, the ingredient of coffee known for its wakefulness-promoting effects, one of the most used psychoactive substances. The psychoactive property of caffeine is well-characterized, and entails its interaction with the adenosine receptors, involved in sleep regulation. While studies have shown a deleterious immediate effect of caffeine on sleep, less is known about the effects of chronic caffeine exposure. In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated this relationship across a large cohort of 30,154 individuals participating in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study (SCAPIS), which allowed us to compare habitual coffee intake with sleep habits, subjective estimate of daytime sleepiness, and underlying genetic variants. According to our analyses, different degrees of coffee consumption, confirmed by statistical association with previously reported genetic variants, showed very low association with estimated patterns of sleep habits or perceived daytime sleepiness. These results indicate that coffee may be less impactful on sleep habits than previously thought, or that other mechanisms, such as the adaptive capabilities of the adenosine system in adult coffee users, may dampen its psychoactive potency.</p>}},
  author       = {{Söderholm, Simon and Ulander, Martin and Toma, Vanessa William and Kaufmann, Sara and Qiao, Xiangyu and Berglind, Daniel and Calling, Susanna and Daka, Bledar and Grote, Ludger and Martinell, Mats and Bergman, Frida and Henriksson, Pontus and Östgren, Carl Johan and Zhong, Wen and Cantù, Claudio and Iredahl, Fredrik}},
  issn         = {{1932-6203}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3 March}},
  publisher    = {{Public Library of Science (PLoS)}},
  series       = {{PLOS ONE}},
  title        = {{Habitual coffee consumption poorly correlates with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness : A cross-sectional study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344479}},
  doi          = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0344479}},
  volume       = {{21}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}