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Regulation of polarized morphogenesis by protein kinase C iota in oncogenic epithelial spheroids

Linch, Mark ; Sanz-Garcia, Marta ; Rosse, Carine ; Riou, Philippe ; Peel, Nick ; Madsen, Chris D LU ; Sahai, Erik ; Downward, Julian ; Khwaja, Asim and Dillon, Christian , et al. (2014) In Carcinogenesis 35(2). p.396-406
Abstract

Protein kinase C iota (PKCι), a serine/threonine kinase required for cell polarity, proliferation and migration, is commonly up- or downregulated in cancer. PKCι is a human oncogene but whether this is related to its role in cell polarity and what repertoire of oncogenes acts in concert with PKCι is not known. We developed a panel of candidate oncogene expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and demonstrated that H-Ras, ErbB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase transformation led to non-polar spheroid morphogenesis (dysplasia), whereas MDCK spheroids expressing c-Raf or v-Src were largely polarized. We show that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting PKCι decreased the size of all spheroids tested and partially reversed the... (More)

Protein kinase C iota (PKCι), a serine/threonine kinase required for cell polarity, proliferation and migration, is commonly up- or downregulated in cancer. PKCι is a human oncogene but whether this is related to its role in cell polarity and what repertoire of oncogenes acts in concert with PKCι is not known. We developed a panel of candidate oncogene expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and demonstrated that H-Ras, ErbB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase transformation led to non-polar spheroid morphogenesis (dysplasia), whereas MDCK spheroids expressing c-Raf or v-Src were largely polarized. We show that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting PKCι decreased the size of all spheroids tested and partially reversed the aberrant polarity phenotype in H-Ras and ErbB2 spheroids only. This indicates distinct requirements for PKCι and moreover that different thresholds of PKCι activity are required for these phenotypes. By manipulating PKCι function using mutant constructs, siRNA depletion or chemical inhibition, we have demonstrated that PKCι is required for polarization of parental MDCK epithelial cysts in a 3D matrix and that there is a threshold of PKCι activity above and below which, disorganized epithelial morphogenesis results. Furthermore, treatment with a novel PKCι inhibitor, CRT0066854, was able to restore polarized morphogenesis in the dysplastic H-Ras spheroids. These results show that tightly regulated PKCι is required for normal-polarized morphogenesis in mammalian cells and that H-Ras and ErbB2 cooperate with PKCι for loss of polarization and dysplasia. The identification of a PKCι inhibitor that can restore polarized morphogenesis has implications for the treatment of Ras and ErbB2 driven malignancies.

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type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Animals, Cell Polarity, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Cells, Cultured, Cysts, Dogs, Epithelial Cells, Genes, ras, Humans, Isoenzymes, Kidney, Morphogenesis, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinase C, RNA, Small Interfering, Receptor, ErbB-2, Spheroids, Cellular, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
in
Carcinogenesis
volume
35
issue
2
article number
bgt313
pages
396 - 406
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • scopus:84893428926
  • pmid:24072773
ISSN
0143-3334
DOI
10.1093/carcin/bgt313
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
683e99f1-1b68-4dcd-a802-2166fb6c7f83
date added to LUP
2016-12-06 10:15:48
date last changed
2024-02-03 05:54:54
@article{683e99f1-1b68-4dcd-a802-2166fb6c7f83,
  abstract     = {{<p>Protein kinase C iota (PKCι), a serine/threonine kinase required for cell polarity, proliferation and migration, is commonly up- or downregulated in cancer. PKCι is a human oncogene but whether this is related to its role in cell polarity and what repertoire of oncogenes acts in concert with PKCι is not known. We developed a panel of candidate oncogene expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and demonstrated that H-Ras, ErbB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase transformation led to non-polar spheroid morphogenesis (dysplasia), whereas MDCK spheroids expressing c-Raf or v-Src were largely polarized. We show that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting PKCι decreased the size of all spheroids tested and partially reversed the aberrant polarity phenotype in H-Ras and ErbB2 spheroids only. This indicates distinct requirements for PKCι and moreover that different thresholds of PKCι activity are required for these phenotypes. By manipulating PKCι function using mutant constructs, siRNA depletion or chemical inhibition, we have demonstrated that PKCι is required for polarization of parental MDCK epithelial cysts in a 3D matrix and that there is a threshold of PKCι activity above and below which, disorganized epithelial morphogenesis results. Furthermore, treatment with a novel PKCι inhibitor, CRT0066854, was able to restore polarized morphogenesis in the dysplastic H-Ras spheroids. These results show that tightly regulated PKCι is required for normal-polarized morphogenesis in mammalian cells and that H-Ras and ErbB2 cooperate with PKCι for loss of polarization and dysplasia. The identification of a PKCι inhibitor that can restore polarized morphogenesis has implications for the treatment of Ras and ErbB2 driven malignancies.</p>}},
  author       = {{Linch, Mark and Sanz-Garcia, Marta and Rosse, Carine and Riou, Philippe and Peel, Nick and Madsen, Chris D and Sahai, Erik and Downward, Julian and Khwaja, Asim and Dillon, Christian and Roffey, Jon and Cameron, Angus J M and Parker, Peter J}},
  issn         = {{0143-3334}},
  keywords     = {{Animals; Cell Polarity; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Cysts; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Genes, ras; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney; Morphogenesis; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Protein Kinase C; RNA, Small Interfering; Receptor, ErbB-2; Spheroids, Cellular; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{396--406}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{Carcinogenesis}},
  title        = {{Regulation of polarized morphogenesis by protein kinase C iota in oncogenic epithelial spheroids}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgt313}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/carcin/bgt313}},
  volume       = {{35}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}