Income inequality and export-orinted commecialization in colonial Africa: Evidence from six countries
Hillbom, Ellen LU
; Bolt, Jutta
LU
; de Haas, Michiel
and Tadei, Federico
(2024)
In Economic History Review
77(3).
p.975-1004
- Abstract
- Limited knowledge of African historical inequality trajectories hampers our understanding of inequality outcomes today and leads to a major omission in debates about global inequality. Economies in colonial Africa were characterized by a process of export-oriented commercialization. We hypothesize that this process itself, the capital intensity of the commodities produced, and the relative importance of European and Asian expatriates and settlers in the economy shaped heterogeneous inequality outcomes. We evaluate these hypotheses using 33 social tables from six predominately agricultural countries between 1914 and 1969. Social tables capture income across the full distribution, aggregated in classes. We assess and improve the... (More)
- Limited knowledge of African historical inequality trajectories hampers our understanding of inequality outcomes today and leads to a major omission in debates about global inequality. Economies in colonial Africa were characterized by a process of export-oriented commercialization. We hypothesize that this process itself, the capital intensity of the commodities produced, and the relative importance of European and Asian expatriates and settlers in the economy shaped heterogeneous inequality outcomes. We evaluate these hypotheses using 33 social tables from six predominately agricultural countries between 1914 and 1969. Social tables capture income across the full distribution, aggregated in classes. We assess and improve the commensurability of the different social tables. We then apply different inequality metrics, and find that Gini and Theil coefficients and Inequality Extraction Ratios rose over time. Gini coefficients moved in conjunction with the real value of commodity exports per capita. Using Theil decompositions, we observe a trade-off between inequality among African classes on the one hand, and among non-Africans and between races on the other. Whenever present, non-Africans captured a large share of the export profits. Inequality patterns towards the end of the period suggest that capital-intensive commodities were associated with higher levels of inequality in the agricultural sector. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/6c7f7ab5-0c78-4fd5-bc8d-5e558dea22a4
- author
- Hillbom, Ellen
LU
; Bolt, Jutta
LU
; de Haas, Michiel
and Tadei, Federico
- organization
- publishing date
- 2024
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Africa, colonialism, income inequality, export-oriented commercialization
- in
- Economic History Review
- volume
- 77
- issue
- 3
- pages
- 30 pages
- publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85178200431
- ISSN
- 1468-0289
- DOI
- 10.1111/ehr.13304
- project
- African elites: Wealth accumulation and persistence
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 6c7f7ab5-0c78-4fd5-bc8d-5e558dea22a4
- date added to LUP
- 2023-12-12 16:19:53
- date last changed
- 2024-10-14 11:59:47
@article{6c7f7ab5-0c78-4fd5-bc8d-5e558dea22a4,
abstract = {{Limited knowledge of African historical inequality trajectories hampers our understanding of inequality outcomes today and leads to a major omission in debates about global inequality. Economies in colonial Africa were characterized by a process of export-oriented commercialization. We hypothesize that this process itself, the capital intensity of the commodities produced, and the relative importance of European and Asian expatriates and settlers in the economy shaped heterogeneous inequality outcomes. We evaluate these hypotheses using 33 social tables from six predominately agricultural countries between 1914 and 1969. Social tables capture income across the full distribution, aggregated in classes. We assess and improve the commensurability of the different social tables. We then apply different inequality metrics, and find that Gini and Theil coefficients and Inequality Extraction Ratios rose over time. Gini coefficients moved in conjunction with the real value of commodity exports per capita. Using Theil decompositions, we observe a trade-off between inequality among African classes on the one hand, and among non-Africans and between races on the other. Whenever present, non-Africans captured a large share of the export profits. Inequality patterns towards the end of the period suggest that capital-intensive commodities were associated with higher levels of inequality in the agricultural sector.}},
author = {{Hillbom, Ellen and Bolt, Jutta and de Haas, Michiel and Tadei, Federico}},
issn = {{1468-0289}},
keywords = {{Africa; colonialism; income inequality; export-oriented commercialization}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{3}},
pages = {{975--1004}},
publisher = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
series = {{Economic History Review}},
title = {{Income inequality and export-orinted commecialization in colonial Africa: Evidence from six countries}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13304}},
doi = {{10.1111/ehr.13304}},
volume = {{77}},
year = {{2024}},
}