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Association between neighborhood deprivation and type 2 diabetes risk among ADHD patients : a nationwide population-based cohort study

Li, Yiman LU ; Yang, Huifang ; Sundquist, Kristina LU ; Sundquist, Jan LU ; Zhang, Yuhong and Li, Xinjun LU (2025) In Frontiers in Public Health 13.
Abstract

Objective: Both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neighborhood deprivation have been previously associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the potential association between neighborhood deprivation and T2D in ADHD patients remains underexplored. Our aim was to study the potential effect of neighborhood deprivation on incident T2D in patients with ADHD. Methods: This study included adults (n = 246,515) with ADHD who were followed in Sweden from 2001 to 2018 for incident T2D. The relationship between neighborhood deprivation and incident T2D was examined using Cox regression analysis, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All models were stratified by sex and... (More)

Objective: Both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neighborhood deprivation have been previously associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the potential association between neighborhood deprivation and T2D in ADHD patients remains underexplored. Our aim was to study the potential effect of neighborhood deprivation on incident T2D in patients with ADHD. Methods: This study included adults (n = 246,515) with ADHD who were followed in Sweden from 2001 to 2018 for incident T2D. The relationship between neighborhood deprivation and incident T2D was examined using Cox regression analysis, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, educational level, family income, employment status, region of residence, immigrant status, marital status, family history of T2D, and comorbidities. Patients with ADHD residing in neighborhoods with high or moderate deprivation were compared to those in neighborhoods with low deprivation (reference group). Results: A significant association was observed between neighborhood deprivation and T2D in patients with ADHD. Among patients with ADHD residing in highly deprived neighborhoods, the HRs were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22–1.53) for men and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.61–2.12) for women, compared to those in low-deprivation neighborhoods. After adjusting for potential confounders, the association remained significant, with HRs of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.06–1.34) in men and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.28–1.70) in women residing in highly deprived neighborhoods. Conclusion: The increased incidence of T2D among patients with ADHD residing in deprived neighborhoods raises significant clinical and public health concerns. These findings could assist policymakers in allocating resources within primary healthcare settings and provide guidance for clinicians working with patients in deprived neighborhoods.

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author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neighborhood, population-based, Sweden, type 2 diabetes
in
Frontiers in Public Health
volume
13
article number
1609551
publisher
Frontiers Media S. A.
external identifiers
  • pmid:41018760
  • scopus:105017056759
ISSN
2296-2565
DOI
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1609551
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2025 Li, Yang, Sundquist, Sundquist, Zhang and Li.
id
6efebeab-eb54-463e-bb68-4e6eef4ceaa0
date added to LUP
2025-12-08 15:10:27
date last changed
2025-12-09 03:00:08
@article{6efebeab-eb54-463e-bb68-4e6eef4ceaa0,
  abstract     = {{<p>Objective: Both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neighborhood deprivation have been previously associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the potential association between neighborhood deprivation and T2D in ADHD patients remains underexplored. Our aim was to study the potential effect of neighborhood deprivation on incident T2D in patients with ADHD. Methods: This study included adults (n = 246,515) with ADHD who were followed in Sweden from 2001 to 2018 for incident T2D. The relationship between neighborhood deprivation and incident T2D was examined using Cox regression analysis, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, educational level, family income, employment status, region of residence, immigrant status, marital status, family history of T2D, and comorbidities. Patients with ADHD residing in neighborhoods with high or moderate deprivation were compared to those in neighborhoods with low deprivation (reference group). Results: A significant association was observed between neighborhood deprivation and T2D in patients with ADHD. Among patients with ADHD residing in highly deprived neighborhoods, the HRs were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22–1.53) for men and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.61–2.12) for women, compared to those in low-deprivation neighborhoods. After adjusting for potential confounders, the association remained significant, with HRs of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.06–1.34) in men and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.28–1.70) in women residing in highly deprived neighborhoods. Conclusion: The increased incidence of T2D among patients with ADHD residing in deprived neighborhoods raises significant clinical and public health concerns. These findings could assist policymakers in allocating resources within primary healthcare settings and provide guidance for clinicians working with patients in deprived neighborhoods.</p>}},
  author       = {{Li, Yiman and Yang, Huifang and Sundquist, Kristina and Sundquist, Jan and Zhang, Yuhong and Li, Xinjun}},
  issn         = {{2296-2565}},
  keywords     = {{attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; neighborhood; population-based; Sweden; type 2 diabetes}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media S. A.}},
  series       = {{Frontiers in Public Health}},
  title        = {{Association between neighborhood deprivation and type 2 diabetes risk among ADHD patients : a nationwide population-based cohort study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1609551}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fpubh.2025.1609551}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}