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A reconfigurable RF front-end for 5G direct sampling receivers with an optimized calibration scheme

Ghotbi, Iman LU orcid ; Behmanesh, Baktash LU orcid and Törmänen, Markus LU orcid (2024) In AEÜ - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 175.
Abstract
This paper presents a reconfigurable radio frequency front-end (RFFE) tailored for direct RF sampling receivers operating within Frequency Range 1 (FR-1) of the 5G spectrum. It consists of a balun-LNA, a noise-cancelling, current-reuse, Q-enhanced filter, and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). Fabricated in 22-nm FD-SOI technology, the RFFE covers the entire frequency range from 1.7 to 6.4 GHz with a tunable bandwidth ranging from 50 MHz to 1.2 GHz. The experimental results confirm that the RFFE achieves 3.9 dB NF, 55 dB ultimate OOB rejection, −4 dBm IB-IIP3, and 23 dBm OOB-IIP3. Furthermore, a digital calibration scheme is proposed to compensate for process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, achieving lower than 2 % error in... (More)
This paper presents a reconfigurable radio frequency front-end (RFFE) tailored for direct RF sampling receivers operating within Frequency Range 1 (FR-1) of the 5G spectrum. It consists of a balun-LNA, a noise-cancelling, current-reuse, Q-enhanced filter, and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). Fabricated in 22-nm FD-SOI technology, the RFFE covers the entire frequency range from 1.7 to 6.4 GHz with a tunable bandwidth ranging from 50 MHz to 1.2 GHz. The experimental results confirm that the RFFE achieves 3.9 dB NF, 55 dB ultimate OOB rejection, −4 dBm IB-IIP3, and 23 dBm OOB-IIP3. Furthermore, a digital calibration scheme is proposed to compensate for process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, achieving lower than 2 % error in 6.61 µs on average. Subsequently, a proximal policy optimization (PPO) agent is employed to choose the optimal policy for the successive adjustments of quality factors and resonance frequencies of the filter’s resonators. As a result, the proposed reinforcement learning algorithm reduces the calibration’s convergence time by 59 %. (Less)
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author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
RF front-end, Direct sampling receiver, 5G, filter, calibration, FD-SOI
in
AEÜ - International Journal of Electronics and Communications
volume
175
article number
155112
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:85182026047
ISSN
1434-8411
DOI
10.1016/j.aeue.2023.155112
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
705c55f4-fe65-4cc1-b681-f768d9ecc059
date added to LUP
2024-01-19 18:10:37
date last changed
2025-04-04 15:13:00
@article{705c55f4-fe65-4cc1-b681-f768d9ecc059,
  abstract     = {{This paper presents a reconfigurable radio frequency front-end (RFFE) tailored for direct RF sampling receivers operating within Frequency Range 1 (FR-1) of the 5G spectrum. It consists of a balun-LNA, a noise-cancelling, current-reuse, Q-enhanced filter, and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). Fabricated in 22-nm FD-SOI technology, the RFFE covers the entire frequency range from 1.7 to 6.4 GHz with a tunable bandwidth ranging from 50 MHz to 1.2 GHz. The experimental results confirm that the RFFE achieves 3.9 dB NF, 55 dB ultimate OOB rejection, −4 dBm IB-IIP3, and 23 dBm OOB-IIP3. Furthermore, a digital calibration scheme is proposed to compensate for process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, achieving lower than 2 % error in 6.61 µs on average. Subsequently, a proximal policy optimization (PPO) agent is employed to choose the optimal policy for the successive adjustments of quality factors and resonance frequencies of the filter’s resonators. As a result, the proposed reinforcement learning algorithm reduces the calibration’s convergence time by 59 %.}},
  author       = {{Ghotbi, Iman and Behmanesh, Baktash and Törmänen, Markus}},
  issn         = {{1434-8411}},
  keywords     = {{RF front-end; Direct sampling receiver; 5G; filter; calibration; FD-SOI}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{01}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{AEÜ - International Journal of Electronics and Communications}},
  title        = {{A reconfigurable RF front-end for 5G direct sampling receivers with an optimized calibration scheme}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2023.155112}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.aeue.2023.155112}},
  volume       = {{175}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}