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Internet of Buoys : An Internet of Things Implementation at Sea

Sandra, Michiel LU ; Gunnarsson, Sara LU and Johansson, Anders J. LU orcid (2020) 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, ACSSC 2020 In Conference Record - Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers 2020-November. p.1096-1100
Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are emerging in many different areas, including maritime environments. One of the applications in this area is the monitoring of buoys at sea. To realize wireless tracking of buoys, an accurate prediction of the path loss in an open-sea environment is essential. So far, channel measurements at sea have mainly been conducted with antennas placed a couple of meters above the sea surface, which is higher than the buoys themselves. Therefore, we investigated the validity of the published channel models at sea by means of path loss measurements using a LoRa link with a transmitter antenna height of 0.35 m and a base station antenna height of 2.65 m and 5.2 m. Our results show that the round earth loss... (More)

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are emerging in many different areas, including maritime environments. One of the applications in this area is the monitoring of buoys at sea. To realize wireless tracking of buoys, an accurate prediction of the path loss in an open-sea environment is essential. So far, channel measurements at sea have mainly been conducted with antennas placed a couple of meters above the sea surface, which is higher than the buoys themselves. Therefore, we investigated the validity of the published channel models at sea by means of path loss measurements using a LoRa link with a transmitter antenna height of 0.35 m and a base station antenna height of 2.65 m and 5.2 m. Our results show that the round earth loss model is not accurate at these antenna heights. The ITU-R P.2001-3 model and a model by Bullington show a better agreement with our measurements. However, the difference between our two measurement campaigns shows that more investigation is needed on the dependence of the path loss on the sea state. Additionally, the availability of Sigfox, Narrowband Internet of Things and The Things has been explored. We found that that these can be used for IoT applications in the tested area at low antenna heights.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
publication status
published
subject
keywords
buoys, Internet of Things, maritime communications, path loss modeling
host publication
2020 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, ACSSC 2020
series title
Conference Record - Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers
editor
Matthews, Michael B.
volume
2020-November
article number
9443538
pages
5 pages
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
conference name
54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, ACSSC 2020
conference location
Pacific Grove, United States
conference dates
2020-11-01 - 2020-11-05
external identifiers
  • scopus:85107726506
ISSN
1058-6393
ISBN
9780738131269
DOI
10.1109/IEEECONF51394.2020.9443538
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
749be732-41df-42bb-af68-d048bfb07e21
date added to LUP
2021-07-09 15:17:19
date last changed
2024-03-23 07:02:17
@inproceedings{749be732-41df-42bb-af68-d048bfb07e21,
  abstract     = {{<p>Internet of Things (IoT) applications are emerging in many different areas, including maritime environments. One of the applications in this area is the monitoring of buoys at sea. To realize wireless tracking of buoys, an accurate prediction of the path loss in an open-sea environment is essential. So far, channel measurements at sea have mainly been conducted with antennas placed a couple of meters above the sea surface, which is higher than the buoys themselves. Therefore, we investigated the validity of the published channel models at sea by means of path loss measurements using a LoRa link with a transmitter antenna height of 0.35 m and a base station antenna height of 2.65 m and 5.2 m. Our results show that the round earth loss model is not accurate at these antenna heights. The ITU-R P.2001-3 model and a model by Bullington show a better agreement with our measurements. However, the difference between our two measurement campaigns shows that more investigation is needed on the dependence of the path loss on the sea state. Additionally, the availability of Sigfox, Narrowband Internet of Things and The Things has been explored. We found that that these can be used for IoT applications in the tested area at low antenna heights.</p>}},
  author       = {{Sandra, Michiel and Gunnarsson, Sara and Johansson, Anders J.}},
  booktitle    = {{2020 54th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, ACSSC 2020}},
  editor       = {{Matthews, Michael B.}},
  isbn         = {{9780738131269}},
  issn         = {{1058-6393}},
  keywords     = {{buoys; Internet of Things; maritime communications; path loss modeling}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{11}},
  pages        = {{1096--1100}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{Conference Record - Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers}},
  title        = {{Internet of Buoys : An Internet of Things Implementation at Sea}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF51394.2020.9443538}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/IEEECONF51394.2020.9443538}},
  volume       = {{2020-November}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}