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Inequality and the Burden of Crisis: Fiscal Incidence in the Depression-Era Gold Coast

Aboagye, Prince Young LU (2026) In Lund Papers in Economic History
Abstract
How did colonial fiscal systems respond to economic crisis, and what were the distributional consequences of those responses? This paper examines fiscal policy and inequality in the Gold Coast during the Great Depression using newly reconstructed tax revenues and expenditure data linked to social tables. It estimates the tax burden relative to income, the sectoral incidence of taxation, and the regional distribution of public finance. The paper shows that although measured inequality declined during the Depression, the tax burden relative to income remained high and increased as fiscal balance was restored, while fiscal incidence stayed regressive. Fiscal stabilization was achieved through expenditure retrenchment and continued reliance on... (More)
How did colonial fiscal systems respond to economic crisis, and what were the distributional consequences of those responses? This paper examines fiscal policy and inequality in the Gold Coast during the Great Depression using newly reconstructed tax revenues and expenditure data linked to social tables. It estimates the tax burden relative to income, the sectoral incidence of taxation, and the regional distribution of public finance. The paper shows that although measured inequality declined during the Depression, the tax burden relative to income remained high and increased as fiscal balance was restored, while fiscal incidence stayed regressive. Fiscal stabilization was achieved through expenditure retrenchment and continued reliance on indirect taxation, concentrating the burden of adjustment on the colony’s monetized sectors while preserving a spatial fiscal structure in which the export-producing south financed colonial administration across the territory. The paper therefore shows that inequality and fiscal incidence diverged over the crisis and adjustment period, and argues that aggregate inequality trends obscure the distributional effects of economic shocks in trade-dependent and fiscally rigid economies. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
organization
publishing date
type
Working paper/Preprint
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Colonial Ghana (Gold Coast), Income inequality, Fiscal policy, Tax incidence, Great Depression, Social tables, D63, E62, H22, N47
in
Lund Papers in Economic History
issue
2026:271
pages
61 pages
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
81358321-4b8b-4341-b952-df00752d332a
alternative location
https://swopec.hhs.se/luekhi/abs/luekhi0271.htm
date added to LUP
2026-08-24 19:11:22
date last changed
2026-08-25 09:59:31
@misc{81358321-4b8b-4341-b952-df00752d332a,
  abstract     = {{How did colonial fiscal systems respond to economic crisis, and what were the distributional consequences of those responses? This paper examines fiscal policy and inequality in the Gold Coast during the Great Depression using newly reconstructed tax revenues and expenditure data linked to social tables. It estimates the tax burden relative to income, the sectoral incidence of taxation, and the regional distribution of public finance. The paper shows that although measured inequality declined during the Depression, the tax burden relative to income remained high and increased as fiscal balance was restored, while fiscal incidence stayed regressive. Fiscal stabilization was achieved through expenditure retrenchment and continued reliance on indirect taxation, concentrating the burden of adjustment on the colony’s monetized sectors while preserving a spatial fiscal structure in which the export-producing south financed colonial administration across the territory. The paper therefore shows that inequality and fiscal incidence diverged over the crisis and adjustment period, and argues that aggregate inequality trends obscure the distributional effects of economic shocks in trade-dependent and fiscally rigid economies.}},
  author       = {{Aboagye, Prince Young}},
  keywords     = {{Colonial Ghana (Gold Coast); Income inequality; Fiscal policy; Tax incidence; Great Depression; Social tables; D63; E62; H22; N47}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{08}},
  note         = {{Working Paper}},
  number       = {{2026:271}},
  series       = {{Lund Papers in Economic History}},
  title        = {{Inequality and the Burden of Crisis: Fiscal Incidence in the Depression-Era Gold Coast}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/259010677/LUPEH_271.pdf}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}