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Optimizing probes for multi-beam ptychography

Yang, Runqing LU ; Villanueva-Perez, Pablo LU orcid ; Li, Tang ; Lyubomirskiy, Mikhail LU ; Fevola, Giovanni ; Falch, Ken Vidar ; Sztucki, Michael and Kahnt, Maik LU orcid (2026) In Optics Express 34(7). p.12463-12478
Abstract

Multi-beam ptychography (MBP) offers a scalable solution to improve the throughput of state-of-the-art ptychography by increasing the number of coherent beams that illuminate the sample simultaneously. However, increasing the number of beams in ptychography makes ptychographical reconstructions more challenging and less robust. It has been demonstrated that MBP reconstructions can be made more robust by using well-structured and mutually separable probes. Here, we present a quantitative framework to assess probe sets based on separability, uniformity, and fabrication feasibility. We show that Hadamard-based phase masks consistently outperform Zernike polynomials, experimentally feasible phase plates, and spiral phase masks in MBP across... (More)

Multi-beam ptychography (MBP) offers a scalable solution to improve the throughput of state-of-the-art ptychography by increasing the number of coherent beams that illuminate the sample simultaneously. However, increasing the number of beams in ptychography makes ptychographical reconstructions more challenging and less robust. It has been demonstrated that MBP reconstructions can be made more robust by using well-structured and mutually separable probes. Here, we present a quantitative framework to assess probe sets based on separability, uniformity, and fabrication feasibility. We show that Hadamard-based phase masks consistently outperform Zernike polynomials, experimentally feasible phase plates, and spiral phase masks in MBP across varying scan densities. While spiral masks yield comparable resolution, they scale less efficiently due to increased structural complexity. Our results establish practical criteria for evaluating and designing structured probes to enable more robust and scalable implementation of MBP in high-throughput coherent X-ray and EUV imaging.

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author
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Optics Express
volume
34
issue
7
pages
16 pages
publisher
Optical Society of America
external identifiers
  • scopus:105034716431
ISSN
1094-4087
DOI
10.1364/OE.582830
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2026 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.
id
856d7d7e-d418-44ed-8124-1f09572a53f3
date added to LUP
2026-04-15 16:10:43
date last changed
2026-04-17 08:24:20
@article{856d7d7e-d418-44ed-8124-1f09572a53f3,
  abstract     = {{<p>Multi-beam ptychography (MBP) offers a scalable solution to improve the throughput of state-of-the-art ptychography by increasing the number of coherent beams that illuminate the sample simultaneously. However, increasing the number of beams in ptychography makes ptychographical reconstructions more challenging and less robust. It has been demonstrated that MBP reconstructions can be made more robust by using well-structured and mutually separable probes. Here, we present a quantitative framework to assess probe sets based on separability, uniformity, and fabrication feasibility. We show that Hadamard-based phase masks consistently outperform Zernike polynomials, experimentally feasible phase plates, and spiral phase masks in MBP across varying scan densities. While spiral masks yield comparable resolution, they scale less efficiently due to increased structural complexity. Our results establish practical criteria for evaluating and designing structured probes to enable more robust and scalable implementation of MBP in high-throughput coherent X-ray and EUV imaging.</p>}},
  author       = {{Yang, Runqing and Villanueva-Perez, Pablo and Li, Tang and Lyubomirskiy, Mikhail and Fevola, Giovanni and Falch, Ken Vidar and Sztucki, Michael and Kahnt, Maik}},
  issn         = {{1094-4087}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{04}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{12463--12478}},
  publisher    = {{Optical Society of America}},
  series       = {{Optics Express}},
  title        = {{Optimizing probes for multi-beam ptychography}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.582830}},
  doi          = {{10.1364/OE.582830}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}