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Insights into the Mechanism for Vertical Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Sun, Jie ; Rattanasawatesun, Tanupong ; Tang, Penghao ; Bi, Zhaoxia LU orcid ; Pandit, Santosh ; Lam, Lisa ; Wasén, Caroline ; Erlandsson, Malin ; Bokarewa, Maria and Dong, Jichen , et al. (2022) In ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 14(5). p.7152-7160
Abstract

Vertically oriented graphene (VG) has attracted attention for years, but the growth mechanism is still not fully revealed. The electric field may play a role, but the direct evidence and exactly what role it plays remains unclear. Here, we conduct a systematic study and find that in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, the VG growth preferably occurs at spots where the local field is stronger, for example, at GaN nanowire tips. On almost round-shaped nanoparticles, instead of being perpendicular to the substrate, the VG grows along the field direction, that is, perpendicular to the particles' local surfaces. Even more convincingly, the sheath field is screened to different degrees, and a direct correlation between the field... (More)

Vertically oriented graphene (VG) has attracted attention for years, but the growth mechanism is still not fully revealed. The electric field may play a role, but the direct evidence and exactly what role it plays remains unclear. Here, we conduct a systematic study and find that in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, the VG growth preferably occurs at spots where the local field is stronger, for example, at GaN nanowire tips. On almost round-shaped nanoparticles, instead of being perpendicular to the substrate, the VG grows along the field direction, that is, perpendicular to the particles' local surfaces. Even more convincingly, the sheath field is screened to different degrees, and a direct correlation between the field strength and the VG growth is observed. Numerical calculation suggests that during the growth, the field helps accumulate charges on graphene, which eventually changes the cohesive graphene layers into separate three-dimensional VG flakes. Furthermore, the field helps attract charged precursors to places sticking out from the substrate and makes them even sharper and turn into VG. Finally, we demonstrate that the VG-covered nanoparticles are benign to human blood leukocytes and could be considered for drug delivery. Our research may serve as a starting point for further vertical two-dimensional material growth mechanism studies.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
2D materials, GaN nanowires, nanoparticles, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, vertical graphene
in
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
volume
14
issue
5
pages
9 pages
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • scopus:85123954686
  • pmid:35005901
ISSN
1944-8244
DOI
10.1021/acsami.1c21640
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
8d42d3a4-0428-4338-bccf-5ec22e212e55
date added to LUP
2022-05-16 16:01:31
date last changed
2024-04-12 10:58:26
@article{8d42d3a4-0428-4338-bccf-5ec22e212e55,
  abstract     = {{<p>Vertically oriented graphene (VG) has attracted attention for years, but the growth mechanism is still not fully revealed. The electric field may play a role, but the direct evidence and exactly what role it plays remains unclear. Here, we conduct a systematic study and find that in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, the VG growth preferably occurs at spots where the local field is stronger, for example, at GaN nanowire tips. On almost round-shaped nanoparticles, instead of being perpendicular to the substrate, the VG grows along the field direction, that is, perpendicular to the particles' local surfaces. Even more convincingly, the sheath field is screened to different degrees, and a direct correlation between the field strength and the VG growth is observed. Numerical calculation suggests that during the growth, the field helps accumulate charges on graphene, which eventually changes the cohesive graphene layers into separate three-dimensional VG flakes. Furthermore, the field helps attract charged precursors to places sticking out from the substrate and makes them even sharper and turn into VG. Finally, we demonstrate that the VG-covered nanoparticles are benign to human blood leukocytes and could be considered for drug delivery. Our research may serve as a starting point for further vertical two-dimensional material growth mechanism studies. </p>}},
  author       = {{Sun, Jie and Rattanasawatesun, Tanupong and Tang, Penghao and Bi, Zhaoxia and Pandit, Santosh and Lam, Lisa and Wasén, Caroline and Erlandsson, Malin and Bokarewa, Maria and Dong, Jichen and Ding, Feng and Xiong, Fangzhu and Mijakovic, Ivan}},
  issn         = {{1944-8244}},
  keywords     = {{2D materials; GaN nanowires; nanoparticles; plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; vertical graphene}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{02}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{7152--7160}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces}},
  title        = {{Insights into the Mechanism for Vertical Graphene Growth by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c21640}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsami.1c21640}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}