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Josephson vortices and persistent current in a double-ring supersolid system

Schubert, Malte LU ; Mukherjee, Koushik LU ; Pfau, Tilman and Reimann-Wacker, Stephanie M LU (2025) In Physical Review Research 7.
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the properties of ultracold dipolar atoms in radially coupled, concentric annular traps created by a potential barrier. The nonrotating ground-state phases are investigated across the superfluid-supersolid phase transition, revealing a particle imbalance between the two rings and a preferential density modulation in the outer ring in the absence of rotation. Near the phase transition on the superfluid side, applying rotation can induce density modulations in either ring, depending on the angular momentum and barrier strength. For low angular momentum, such rotation-induced density modulation forms in the outer ring, while for high angular momentum and weak barriers, it emerges in the inner ring. Rotation can... (More)
We theoretically investigate the properties of ultracold dipolar atoms in radially coupled, concentric annular traps created by a potential barrier. The nonrotating ground-state phases are investigated across the superfluid-supersolid phase transition, revealing a particle imbalance between the two rings and a preferential density modulation in the outer ring in the absence of rotation. Near the phase transition on the superfluid side, applying rotation can induce density modulations in either ring, depending on the angular momentum and barrier strength. For low angular momentum, such rotation-induced density modulation forms in the outer ring, while for high angular momentum and weak barriers, it emerges in the inner ring. Rotation can lead to persistent currents and the nucleation of a vortex residing either at the center (central vortex) or at the ring junction (Josephson vortex). Josephson vortices can also form at the junctions of the localized density sites induced by rotation in the inner ring, a behavior that is unique to our system. By switching off the trap and allowing the system to expand, distinct interference patterns emerge, which can be analyzed to identify and distinguish between various vortex configurations, and thus can be observed in current state-of-the-art experiments.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Physical Review Research
volume
7
article number
033110
publisher
American Physical Society
ISSN
2643-1564
DOI
10.1103/tl7c-v5bs
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
8ebaa5c7-5a4a-4671-8a8a-9b84b5b888b4
date added to LUP
2025-10-27 10:37:03
date last changed
2025-10-27 13:56:42
@article{8ebaa5c7-5a4a-4671-8a8a-9b84b5b888b4,
  abstract     = {{We theoretically investigate the properties of ultracold dipolar atoms in radially coupled, concentric annular traps created by a potential barrier. The nonrotating ground-state phases are investigated across the superfluid-supersolid phase transition, revealing a particle imbalance between the two rings and a preferential density modulation in the outer ring in the absence of rotation. Near the phase transition on the superfluid side, applying rotation can induce density modulations in either ring, depending on the angular momentum and barrier strength. For low angular momentum, such rotation-induced density modulation forms in the outer ring, while for high angular momentum and weak barriers, it emerges in the inner ring. Rotation can lead to persistent currents and the nucleation of a vortex residing either at the center (central vortex) or at the ring junction (Josephson vortex). Josephson vortices can also form at the junctions of the localized density sites induced by rotation in the inner ring, a behavior that is unique to our system. By switching off the trap and allowing the system to expand, distinct interference patterns emerge, which can be analyzed to identify and distinguish between various vortex configurations, and thus can be observed in current state-of-the-art experiments.<br/><br/>}},
  author       = {{Schubert, Malte and Mukherjee, Koushik and Pfau, Tilman and Reimann-Wacker, Stephanie M}},
  issn         = {{2643-1564}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{08}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society}},
  series       = {{Physical Review Research}},
  title        = {{Josephson vortices and persistent current in a double-ring supersolid system}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/tl7c-v5bs}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/tl7c-v5bs}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}