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Combined association of key risk factors on ischaemic outcomes and bleeding in patients with myocardial infarction

Lindholm, Daniel ; Sarno, Giovanna ; Erlinge, David LU orcid ; Svennblad, Bodil ; Hasvold, Lars Pål ; Janzon, Magnus ; Jernberg, Tomas and James, Stefan K. (2019) In Heart 105(15). p.1175-1181
Abstract

Objective: In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), risk factors for bleeding and ischaemic events tend to overlap, but the combined effects of these factors have scarcely been studied in contemporary real-world settings. We aimed to assess the combined associations of established risk factors using nationwide registries. Methods: Using the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry, patients with invasively managed MI in 2006-2014 were included. Six factors were assessed in relation to cardiovascular death (CVD)/MI/stroke, and major bleeding: Age ≥65, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, multivessel disease, prior bleeding and prior... (More)

Objective: In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), risk factors for bleeding and ischaemic events tend to overlap, but the combined effects of these factors have scarcely been studied in contemporary real-world settings. We aimed to assess the combined associations of established risk factors using nationwide registries. Methods: Using the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry, patients with invasively managed MI in 2006-2014 were included. Six factors were assessed in relation to cardiovascular death (CVD)/MI/stroke, and major bleeding: Age ≥65, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, multivessel disease, prior bleeding and prior MI. Results: We studied 100 879 patients, of whom 20 831 (20.6%) experienced CVD/MI/stroke and 5939 (5.9%) major bleeding, during 3.6 years median follow-up. In adjusted Cox models, all factors were associated with CVD/MI/stroke, and all but prior MI were associated with major bleeding. The majority (53.5%) had ≥2 risk factors. With each added risk factor, there was a marked but gradual increase in incidence of the CVD/MI/stroke. This was seen also for major bleeding, but to a lesser extent, largely driven by prior bleeding as the strongest risk factor. Conclusions: The majority of patients with MI had two or more established risk factors. Increasing number of risk factors was associated with higher rate of ischaemic events. When excluding patients with prior major bleeding, bleeding incidence rate increased only minimally with increasing number of risk factors. The high ischaemic risk in those with multiple risk factors highlights an unmet need for additional preventive measures.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
acute coronary syndromes, risk factors
in
Heart
volume
105
issue
15
pages
7 pages
publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:85065236285
  • pmid:31055499
ISSN
1355-6037
DOI
10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314590
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
9678188b-ebef-41bf-adc3-2f005b0f0f8e
date added to LUP
2019-05-24 13:28:59
date last changed
2024-03-19 09:08:19
@article{9678188b-ebef-41bf-adc3-2f005b0f0f8e,
  abstract     = {{<p>Objective: In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), risk factors for bleeding and ischaemic events tend to overlap, but the combined effects of these factors have scarcely been studied in contemporary real-world settings. We aimed to assess the combined associations of established risk factors using nationwide registries. Methods: Using the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry, patients with invasively managed MI in 2006-2014 were included. Six factors were assessed in relation to cardiovascular death (CVD)/MI/stroke, and major bleeding: Age ≥65, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, multivessel disease, prior bleeding and prior MI. Results: We studied 100 879 patients, of whom 20 831 (20.6%) experienced CVD/MI/stroke and 5939 (5.9%) major bleeding, during 3.6 years median follow-up. In adjusted Cox models, all factors were associated with CVD/MI/stroke, and all but prior MI were associated with major bleeding. The majority (53.5%) had ≥2 risk factors. With each added risk factor, there was a marked but gradual increase in incidence of the CVD/MI/stroke. This was seen also for major bleeding, but to a lesser extent, largely driven by prior bleeding as the strongest risk factor. Conclusions: The majority of patients with MI had two or more established risk factors. Increasing number of risk factors was associated with higher rate of ischaemic events. When excluding patients with prior major bleeding, bleeding incidence rate increased only minimally with increasing number of risk factors. The high ischaemic risk in those with multiple risk factors highlights an unmet need for additional preventive measures.</p>}},
  author       = {{Lindholm, Daniel and Sarno, Giovanna and Erlinge, David and Svennblad, Bodil and Hasvold, Lars Pål and Janzon, Magnus and Jernberg, Tomas and James, Stefan K.}},
  issn         = {{1355-6037}},
  keywords     = {{acute coronary syndromes; risk factors}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{15}},
  pages        = {{1175--1181}},
  publisher    = {{BMJ Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Heart}},
  title        = {{Combined association of key risk factors on ischaemic outcomes and bleeding in patients with myocardial infarction}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314590}},
  doi          = {{10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314590}},
  volume       = {{105}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}